. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2011 Jun 9;31(8):1933–1938. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.111.225219

Table 1.

Geometric mean retinal arteriolar tortuosity (95% CI) by gender and ethnic group

	N	Geometric Mean Arteriolar Tortuosity (95% CI) ×10³		p (difference)^†
Boys	462	6.7	(6.4, 7.0)
Girls	524	6.6	(6.3, 6.9)	0.42
White European	222	6.9	(6.6, 7.3)
Black African-Caribbean	243	6.8	(6.4, 7.2)	0.52
South Asian	276	6.7	(6.4, 7.1)	0.40
Asian other	65	5.8	(5.3, 6.4)	<0.001
Other	180	6.4	(6.1, 6.8)	0.03

All means are adjusted for age groups, gender (except by sex), ethnicity (except by ethnic group), month and branch status and a random effect for child and school. Log transformed tortuosity values have been exponentiated to give geometric means and 95% confidence limits. Note, units of tortuosity are dimensionless.

^†

P-values for difference compare boy with girls, white Europeans with children of other ethnic group