(a) Plot of minimum vascular volume fraction vs perfusate viscosity η. [(b) and (c)] Plots of vascular diameter D and spacing H vs η for the optimized models in (a). For all models, ΔP=20 cm H2O, L=2 cm, K=10−10 cm4∕dyn s, qO2=10−8 mol∕cm3 s, and kO2=1.2×10−9 mol∕cm3 mm Hg. Red curves denote data from Fig. 3 in which η is scaled by 20 cm H2O∕ΔP.