Figure 4.

Cell proliferation and adherens junction measurement. The data were derived from the images taken at five randomly chosen locations in each sample, and each image size was 800×800 μm. (a) The cells in each device were counted and analyzed for the designated spreading area of the cells. It was clearly shown that the perfusion culture enhanced cell proliferation during 2 days of culture, while cells in static culture devices were more spread. (b) Adherens junction was measured by counting pixels in the corresponding images. Normalization was required because the cell density and spreading area were different particularly between static control and flow groups; for this, measured adherens junction pixels were divided by both cell count and spreading area. Values are expressed as mean±SD ^∗p and ⁺p<0.05 vs static culture.