Table 1.
| Study | No. patients | Onset of block time (min) | Time for procedure completion (min) | Success rate (%) | Time to resolution of motor block (min) | Local anesthetic volume | Complications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dingemans et al. [30] | 72 | NA | 3.1 (US) versus 5.2 (USPNS) | 92% (US) versus 74% (USPNS) | NA | Lidocaine 1.5% and Bupivacaine.125% with epi 0.5 mL/kg | NA |
|
| |||||||
| Dhir and Ganapathy [31] | 66 | 28 (NS) versus 24 (SC) versus 21(USPNS) | 6 (NS) versus 8 (SC) versus 6 (USPNS) |
59% (NS) versus 58% (SC) versus 96% (USPNS) | 266 (NS) versus 247 (SC) versus 246 (USPNS) | 30 mL of Ropivacaine 5 mg/mL with epi 2.5 μg/mL | Secondary catheter failure 9% (US) versus 86% (USPNS) |
|
| |||||||
| Sauter et al. [32] | 80 | 13.9 (US) versus 13.7 (USPNS) | 4.1 (US) versus 4.3 (USPNS) |
95% (US) versus 85% (USPNS) | NA | 20 mL Lidocaine 0.5% & 20 mL Bupivacaine, 20 mL Levo-Bupivacaine 0.5% with epi 5 mg/mL | Vascular puncture 6.6% |
|
| |||||||
| Brull et al. [33] | 103 | 5 (US) versus 10.5 (USPNS) | 5 (US) versus 10.5 (USPNS) |
85% (US) versus 65% (USPNS) | NA | Lidocaine 2% 15 mL and 15 mL Bupivacaine 0.5% with epi | No difference in complications in the two groups |
|
| |||||||
| Taboada et al. [34] | 70 | 17 (US) versus 19 (USPNS) | 3 (US) versus 6 (USPNS) |
89% (US) versus 91% (USPNS) | 237 (US) versus 247 (USPNS) | NA | NA |
US: ultrasound, USPNS: ultrasound plus peripheral nerve stimulation, SC: stimulating catheter.