Table 1.
Characteristics of Hispanics and Chinese by language spoken at home, MESA
| Hispanics (n = 1496) |
Chinese (n = 803) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exclusively Spanish | English and Spanish | Exclusively English | Exclusively Chinese | Any English | |
| n = 819 | n = 238 | n = 439 | n = 700 | n = 103 | |
| % or mean ± SD | % or mean ± SD | ||||
| Age*,+ | 61 ± 10 | 63 ± 11 | 61 ± 10 | 63 ± 10 | 60 ± 9 |
| Male (%)* | 45 | 50 | 53 | 47 | 57 |
| Income**,++ | |||||
| <$20K | 49 | 35 | 21 | 46 | 10 |
| $20–50K | 39 | 43 | 46 | 30 | 25 |
| ≥$50K | 8 | 21 | 32 | 23 | 64 |
| Education**,++ | |||||
| < High school | 63 | 35 | 16 | 28 | 6 |
| High school graduates | 16 | 25 | 26 | 17 | 9 |
| > High school | 22 | 40 | 57 | 55 | 85 |
| BMI*,+ | 29 ± 5 | 29 ± 5 | 30 ± 6 | 24 ± 3 | 25 ± 4 |
| Waist* | 100 ± 12 | 100 ± 13 | 102 ± 14 | 87 ± 9 | 88 ± 12 |
| Waist/hip | 1 ± 0.1 | 1 ± 0.1 | 1 ± 0.1 | 1 ± 0.1 | 1 ± 0.1 |
| HDL | 47 ± 13 | 48 ± 13 | 48 ± 13 | 49 ± 13 | 50 ± 13 |
| LDL | 121 ± 34 | 117 ± 29 | 118 ± 33 | 115 ± 29 | 115 ± 31 |
| Total cholesterol | 200 ± 39 | 194 ± 34 | 197 ± 37 | 192 ± 32 | 195 ± 34 |
| Triglycerides | 158 ± 111 | 150 ± 80 | 161 ± 91 | 142 ± 84 | 148 ± 89 |
| Systolic blood pressure | 128 ± 22 | 127 ± 22 | 125 ± 21 | 125 ± 22 | 123 ± 21 |
| Diabetes | 18 | 19 | 17 | 13 | 11 |
| Hypertension | 41 | 43 | 41 | 39 | 30 |
| Smoking** | |||||
| Never | 59 | 49 | 47 | 76 | 69 |
| Former | 28 | 34 | 39 | 18 | 26 |
| Current | 12 | 16 | 14 | 6 | 5 |
| Alcohol use (%) | 317 (39%) | 129 (54%) | 259 (59%) | 202 (29%) | 48 (47%) |
| Phys. activity** | 855 ± 1339 | 1554 ± 2011 | 2113 ± 2930 | 1120 ± 1479 | 1352 ± 1752 |
| Total cal.++ | 1815 ± 907 | 1831 ± 1007 | 1730 ± 932 | 1301 ± 565 | 1555 ± 663 |
| Percent fat+ | 35 ± 7 | 36 ± 6 | 36 ± 7 | 36 ± 7 | 34 ± 6 |
| Baseline eGFRcys (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 93 ± 21 | 89 ± 21 | 92 ± 20 | 97 ± 22 | 102 ± 23 |
| Baseline ACR (mg/dL) | 35 ± 202 | 88 ± 442 | 42 ± 332 | 34 ± 181 | 21 ± 73 |
| Generation 0 | 700 (85.5%) | 97 (40.8%) | 71 (16.2%) | 695 (99.3%) | 77 (74.5%) |
| Generation 1 | 110 (13.4%) | 89 (37.4%) | 181 (41.2%) | 4 (0.6%) | 16 (15.5%) |
| Generations 2 and 3 | 3 (0.4%) | 15 (6.3%) | 74 (16.9%) | 0 | 0 |
HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.
Generation 0 was defined as the participant being born outside the USA (Puerto Rico included); Generation 1 if the participant was born in the USA and at least one of his/her parents were born outside the USA; Generations 2 and 3 if the participant, his/her parents and two or more of his/her grandparents were born in the USA.
*
P ≤ 0.05–0.001 for Hispanics.
**
P ≤ 0.001 for Hispanics.
+
P ≤ 0.05–0.001 for Chinese.
++
P ≤ 0.001 for Chinese.