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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Androl. 2011 Aug;34(4 Pt 2):e296–e305. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2011.01199.x

Figure 3. Signaling pathways triggered by GDNF in spermatogonial stem cells.

Figure 3

GDNF dimerizes and binds to the GFRα-1/RET receptor complex. A: Binding of GDNF activates RET, which triggers SRC kinase phosphorylation and the downstream activation of PI3K/AKT. Ultimately the transcription factor MYCN is up-regulated. B: Binding of GDNF also can activate the RAS-mediated signaling pathway, which triggers ERK1/2 phosphorylation and up-regulation of the transcription factor FOS.