Table 5.
Multivariable Adjusted ORs for the Metabolic Syndrome
| Men (n = 5227) |
Women (n = 5591) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P Value | OR (95% CI) | P Value | |
| US population, in millions, No. | 58.5 | 61.1 | ||
|
| ||||
| Model 1 * | ||||
| Age, y | ||||
| 20-34 | 1.0 (Referent) | … | 1.0 (Referent) | … |
| 35-64 | 2.8 (1.8-4.5) | <.001 | 2.4 (1.5-3.7) | <.001 |
| ≥65 | 5.8 (3.9-8.7) | <.001 | 4.9 (3.0-7.8) | <.001 |
|
| ||||
| Model 2 * | ||||
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White | 1.0 (Referent) | … | 1.0 (Referent) | … |
| Black | 0.5 (0.3-0.6) | <.001 | 0.7 (0.5-0.9) | <.01 |
| Mexican American | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) | NS | 1.5 (1.1-2.0) | <.01 |
| BMI | ||||
| <18.5 | 0.4 (0.1-2.0) | NS | 0.3 (0.1-1.2) | .09 |
| 18.5-24.9 | 1.0 (Referent) | … | 1.0 (Referent) | … |
| 25-29.9 | 5.2 (3.9-6.9) | <.001 | 5.4 (3.7-7.9) | <.001 |
| 30-34.9 | 25.2 (19.3-32.9) | <.001 | 14.0 (9.1-21.4) | <.001 |
| ≥35 | 67.7 (40.5-113.3) | <.001 | 34.5 (22.6-52.7) | <.001 |
| Smoking | ||||
| Never | 1.0 (Referent) | … | 1.0 (Referent) | … |
| Current | 1.5 (1.1-2.2) | <.05 | 1.8 (1.2-2.6) | <.01 |
| Past | 1.2 (0.8-1.8) | NS | 1.5 (1.2-2.0) | <.01 |
| Drinking | ||||
| Never | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) | NS | 1.5 (1.2-1.9) | <.01 |
| Slight/moderate | 1.0 (Referent) | … | 1.0 (Referent) | … |
| Heavy | 1.1 (0.8-1.6) | NS | 0.8 (0.6-1.0) | <.05 |
| Carbohydrate intake | ||||
| Low | 0.9 (0.7-1.3) | NS | 1.0 (0.8-1.4) | .74 |
| Middle | 1.0 (Referent) | … | … | … |
| High | 1.7 (1.2-2.5) | <.01 | 1.1 (0.8-1.4) | .60 |
| Physical activity status | ||||
| Inactive | 1.4 (1.0-2.0) | <.05 | 1.2 (1.0-1.4) | .13 |
| Education level, y | ||||
| <8 | 0.8 (0.6-1.3) | NS | 0.9 (0.6-1.3) | .50 |
| 8-12 | 1.0 (0.8-1.3) | NS | 1.1 (0.8-1.4) | .63 |
| >12 | 1.0 (Referent) | … | 1.0 (Referent) | … |
| Household income, $/y | ||||
| ≤15 000 | 1.0 (0.7-1.5) | NS | 1.5 (1.0-2.3) | <.05 |
| 15 001-25 000 | 1.2 (0.8-1.7) | NS | 1.3 (0.9-2.0) | .14 |
| >25 000 | 1.0 (Referent) | … | 1.0 (Referent) | … |
| Menopausal status | ||||
| Postmenopausal | … | … | 1.6 (1.1-2.3) | <.05 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters); CI, confidence interval; NS, not significant; OR, odds ratio.
*
Age was inserted in model 1 as young, middle, and older categories and in model 2 as a continuous variable.