TABLE 2.
Comparison of the Results Between Very Preterm Adolescents and Term Control Children on Tests of Cognition and Language
| Preterm |
Term |
Adjusted Mean Difference (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean (SD) | Impairment <2 SDs, n (%) | n | Mean (SD) | Impairment <2 SDs, n (%) | ||
| WISC-III | |||||||
| Full-scale IQ | 326 | 87 (19) | 51 (16) | 99 | 104 (16) | 2 (2) | −13.3 (−19.0 to −7.5)a |
| Verbal IQ | 327 | 89 (19) | 39 (12) | 99 | 103 (15) | 3 (3) | −9.4 (−15.1 to −3.7)a |
| Performance IQ | 330 | 87 (19) | 52 (16) | 99 | 104 (17) | 0 | −15.5 (−21.6 to −9.4)a |
| Verbal comprehension | 326 | 91 (18) | 99 | 103 (15) | −8.0 (−13.3 to −2.6)a | ||
| Perceptual organization | 329 | 89 (19) | 99 | 104 (17) | −14.3 (−20.3 to −8.2)a | ||
| Freedom of distractibility | 325 | 89 (18) | 99 | 100 (15) | −8.6 (−14.3 to −2.9)a | ||
| Processing speed | 320 | 93 (21) | 97 | 107 (16) | −13.7 (−20.2 to −7.3)a | ||
| Vocabulary subtest raw score | 327 | 38 (12) | 99 | 43 (8) | −2.7 (−6.1 to 0.7) | ||
| Block-design subtest raw score | 330 | 44 (17) | 99 | 55 (10) | −8.9 (−14.1 to −3.7)a | ||
| PPVT-R | 330 | 95 (24) | 42 (13) | 101 | 106 (21) | 3 (3) | −5.5 (−12.3 to 1.3) |
| CTOPP composite scores | |||||||
| Rapid naming | 306 | 96 (23) | 37 (12) | 102 | 99 (14) | 3 (3) | −3.9 (−10.9 to 3.2) |
| Phonological awareness | 251 | 82 (16) | 46 (18) | 94 | 91 (13) | 2 (2) | −5.1 (−10.1 to −0.1)b |
| CTOPP subtest | |||||||
| Rapid digit naming | 309 | 9 (4) | 102 | 10 (2) | −0.5 (−1.6 to 0.7) | ||
| Rapid letter naming | 307 | 10 (4) | 102 | 10 (3) | −0.9 (−2.2 to 0.4) | ||
| Nonword repetition | 306 | 8 (3) | 102 | 9 (2) | −0.4 (−1.2 to 0.5) | ||
| Phoneme reversal | 252 | 7 (3) | 94 | 9 (3) | −0.7 (−1.7 to 0.3) | ||
| Blending nonwords | 251 | 8 (3) | 94 | 9 (2) | −0.5 (−1.5 to 0.5) | ||
| Segmented nonwords | 251 | 6 (3) | 94 | 8 (2) | −1.1 (−2.0 to −0.2)b | ||
| TOWRE | |||||||
| Sight word efficiency | 308 | 89 (15) | 25 (8) | 101 | 94 (10) | 2 (2) | −2.8 (−7.3 to 1.7) |
| Phonemic decoding | 308 | 88 (16) | 42 (14) | 101 | 94 (13) | 2 (2) | −5.6 (−10.5 to −0.7)b |
Adjustment for gender, maternal education, minority status, and single parent household. CTOPP indicates Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing, TOWRE, Test of Word Reading Efficiency.
a
P < .005.
b
P < .05.