Table 4.
Cases and controls odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risk of glioma in the Umeå, Malmö, and Copenhagen cohorts and glioblastoma in the Umeå and Malmö cohorts
| Cases | Glioma cases versus controls | Glioblastoma cases | Glioblastoma cases versus controlsb | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | OR | (95% CI) | No. | % | OR | (95% CI) | |
| Adenovirus, negative versus positive | ||||||||
| Adenovirus, quartiles | ||||||||
| 1st | 40 | 20.4 | 1.0 | 16 | 26.2 | 1.0 | ||
| 2nd | 59 | 30.1 | 1.39 | (0.85–2.28) | 16 | 26.2 | 0.81 | (0.37–1.79) |
| 3rd | 42 | 21.4 | 1.07 | (0.63–1.81) | 15 | 24.6 | 0.95 | (0.42–2.12) |
| 4th | 55 | 28.1 | 1.27 | (0.76–2.12) | 14 | 23.0 | 0.57 | (0.25–1.31) |
| p-trend | 0.49 | 0.28 | ||||||
| Cytomegalovirus, negative versus positive | 1.08 | (0.66–1.78) | 0.97 | (0.43–2.28) | ||||
| Cytomegalovirus, quartiles | ||||||||
| 1st | 48 | 24.5 | 1.0 | 15 | 24.6 | 1.0 | ||
| 2nd | 62 | 31.6 | 1.18 | (0.73–1.90) | 19 | 31.1 | 0.93 | (0.42–2.05) |
| 3rd | 41 | 20.9 | 1.08 | (0.85–1.38) | 14 | 23.0 | 0.96 | (0.65–1.43) |
| 4th | 45 | 23.0 | 1.06 | (0.90–1.24) | 13 | 21.3 | 0.98 | (0.75–1.27) |
| p-trend | 0.67 | 0.36 | ||||||
| Epstein-Barr virusa, negative versus positive | 0.64 | (0.39–1.06) | 0.47 | (0.18–1.23) | ||||
| Epstein-Barr virusa, quartiles | ||||||||
| 1st | 58 | 29.6 | 1.0 | 17 | 27.9 | 1.0 | ||
| 2nd | 46 | 23.5 | 0.79 | (0.49–1.29) | 15 | 24.6 | 0.76 | (0.34–1.70) |
| 3rd | 43 | 21.9 | 0.71 | (0.44–1.16) | 16 | 26.2 | 0.71 | (0.33–1.55) |
| 4th | 49 | 25.0 | 0.78 | (0.49–1.26) | 13 | 21.3 | 0.63 | (0.28–1.44) |
| p-trend | 0.25 | 0.17 | ||||||
| Varicella-zoster virus, negative versus positive | 0.66 | (0.15–3.01) | 0.34 | (0.05–2.14) | ||||
| Varicella-zoster virus, quartiles | ||||||||
| 1st | 55 | 28.1 | 1.0 | 12 | 19.7 | 1.0 | ||
| 2nd | 55 | 28.1 | 0.85 | (0.53–1.36) | 26 | 42.6 | 1.71 | (0.78–3.74) |
| 3rd | 43 | 21.9 | 0.74 | (0.45–1.23) | 16 | 26.2 | 1.08 | (0.45–2.57) |
| 4th | 43 | 21.9 | 0.68 | (0.41–1.13) | 7 | 11.5 | 0.39 | (0.14–1.08) |
| p-trend | 0.06 | 0.02 | ||||||
All odds ratios are adjusted for cohort, sex, and age at blood sample
aBased on immunoglobulin G antibody levels analyzed using EBNA
bGlioblastoma cases from the Umeå and Malmö cohorts. Copenhagen cases and controls excluded