Table 5.
Cases and controls odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risk of glioma in the Umeå, Malmö, and Copenhagen cohorts and glioblastoma in the Umeå and Malmö cohorts
| Cases | Glioma cases versus controls | Glioblastoma cases | Glioblastoma cases versus controlsb | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | OR | (95% CI) | No. | % | OR | (95% CI) | |
| Adenovirus, negative versus positive | ||||||||
| Adenovirus, quartiles | ||||||||
| 1st | 35 | 21.3 | 1.0 | 14 | 24.1 | 1.0 | ||
| 2nd | 44 | 26.8 | 1.15 | (0.67–1.96) | 16 | 27.6 | 0.94 | (0.42–2.11) |
| 3rd | 38 | 23.2 | 1.12 | (0.64–1.93) | 14 | 24.1 | 1.01 | (0.43–2.37) |
| 4th | 47 | 28.7 | 1.28 | (0.75–2.19) | 14 | 24.1 | 0.67 | (0.28–1.58) |
| p-trend | 0.40 | 0.71 | ||||||
| Cytomegalovirus, negative versus positive | 1.29 | (0.74–2.25) | 0.93 | (0.40–2.16) | ||||
| Cytomegalovirus, quartiles | ||||||||
| 1st | 39 | 23.8 | 1.0 | 15 | 25.9 | 1.0 | ||
| 2nd | 49 | 29.9 | 1.14 | (0.68–1.91) | 17 | 29.3 | 0.86 | (0.38–1.92) |
| 3rd | 36 | 22.0 | 1.07 | (0.83–1.38) | 14 | 24.1 | 0.93 | (0.62–1.39) |
| 4th | 40 | 24.4 | 1.05 | (0.88–1.24) | 12 | 20.7 | 0.95 | (0.73–1.24) |
| p-trend | 0.92 | 0.66 | ||||||
| Epstein-Barr virusa, negative versus positive | 0.72 | (0.42–1.23) | 0.44 | (0.17–1.14) | ||||
| Epstein-Barr virusa, quartiles | ||||||||
| 1st | 46 | 28.0 | 1.0 | 17 | 29.3 | 1.0 | ||
| 2nd | 42 | 25.6 | 0.90 | (0.54–1.50) | 15 | 25.9 | 0.76 | (0.34–1.70) |
| 3rd | 36 | 22.0 | 0.78 | (0.46–1.31) | 14 | 24.1 | 0.63 | (0.28–1.40) |
| 4th | 40 | 24.4 | 0.79 | (0.47–1.32) | 12 | 20.7 | 0.57 | (0.24–1.32) |
| p-trend | 0.27 | 0.35 | ||||||
| Varicella-zoster virus, negative versus positive | 0.54 | (0.12–2.47) | 0.32 | (0.05–2.03) | ||||
| Varicella-zoster virus, quartiles | ||||||||
| 1st | 48 | 29.3 | 1.0 | 12 | 20.7 | 1.0 | ||
| 2nd | 47 | 28.7 | 0.84 | (0.51–1–37) | 24 | 41.4 | 1.59 | (0.72–3.50) |
| 3rd | 35 | 21.3 | 0.70 | (0.41–1.19) | 15 | 25.9 | 1.03 | (0.43–2.47) |
| 4th | 34 | 20.7 | 0.63 | (0.37–1.08) | 7 | 12.1 | 0.39 | (0.14–1.08) |
| p-trend | 0.029 | 0.031 | ||||||
Only cases with at least 2 years between blood sample and glioma/glioblastoma diagnosis included. All odds ratios are adjusted for cohort, sex, and age at blood sample
aBased on immunoglobulin G antibody levels analyzed using EBNA
bGlioblastoma cases from the Umeå and Malmö cohorts. Copenhagen cases and controls excluded