Table 4.
Major Tools and Related Papers Used to Assess Bereaved Parents and Need-Related Topics
| Author, year | Country | No. of subjectsa | Parents no. (%)b | Bereaved no. (%)c | Patients | Setting | Items (no.) | Constructs measured | Reliability and validity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comprehensive Assessment of Satisfaction with Care | |||||||||
| Seecharan et al., 2004 | USA | 79 | 79 (100%) | 79 (100%) | Pediatric | Hospital | 35 | Satisfaction with care | ICR α = 0.54–0.9 for the 10 scales |
| Family Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit (FS-ICU) | |||||||||
| Heyland et al., 2001 | Canada | 47 | 4 (9%) | 22 (47%) | Adult | ICU | 34 | Satisfaction with care and decision-making | Content validity—experts; Satisfaction with care—4 investigator-derived domains, ICR α = 0.74–0.97 for the 4 domains; Satisfaction with decision-making-2 domains, ICR α = 0.87 and 0.93 for the 2 domains; test-retest reliability (Spearman's correlation = 0.85) |
| Wall et al., 2007 | Canada & US | 1,038 | 108 (10%) | + (% ND) | Adult (% ND) Pediatric (% ND) | ICU & Burn-PICU | 24 | Satisfaction with care and decision making | Construct validity—factor analysis yields 2 domains; Item-subscale correlations 0.38–0.79; ICR α = 0.94 for total scale; ICR α = 0.92 and 0.88 for the 2 domains; FS-ICU correlated with Family QODDd total score, single QODD items and multiple nurse assessed quality indicators. |
| Wall et al., 2007 | US | 539 | 88 (16%) | 275 (51%) | Adult | ICU | 24 | Satisfaction with care and decision making | - |
| Gries et al., 2008 | US | 356 | 17 (5%) | 356 (100%) | Adult | ICU | 10 | Satisfaction with decision making | - |
| Curtis et al., 2008 | US | 275 | + (% ND) | 275 (100%) | Adult | ICU | 24 | Satisfaction with care and decision making | - |
a
Total sample size (all are family members unless otherwise specified).
b
Number and percentage of parents in family sample.
c
Number and percentage of bereaved in family sample.
d
Quality of Death and Dying Questionnaire.
+, factor present; −, factor not present or not described.
ND, not described; ICR, internal consistency reliability; α, Cronbach's α.