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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jul 30.
Published in final edited form as: Gastroenterology. 2009 Jun 21;137(3):795–814. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.06.040

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Loss of mucosal lymphoid tissue related to HIV-1 infection could promote HCV-related disease. A recent study in GASTROENTEROLOGY highlights the potential role of bacterial translocation in promoting liver disease, perhaps by direct effects of LPS or indirectly by enhancing immune activation.156 In addition, the loss of mucosal integrity can be hypothesized to enhance permucosal transmission of HCV in cases of sexual transmission, as has been detected among sexual networks in Europe.117 Adapted with permission from Balagopal et al.156