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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Chem Neuroanat. 2011 Mar 31;42(4):236–241. doi: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2011.02.002

Figure 1.

Figure 1

ER activation of mGluRs is organized via caveolins into brain region specific functional microdomains. A. Schematic of proposed estradiol/ER/mGluR signaling microdomains as organized by caveolin proteins in hippocampal neurons. Caveolin 1 organizes ERα to mGluR1a to activate the MEK pathway which induces CREB phosphorylation. Caveolin 3 organizes ERα to mGluR2 which activates PKA/CaM signaling to attenuate CREB phosphorylation. Abbreviations: ER, estrogen receptor; AC, adenylyl cyclase; PKA, protein kinase A; CaM, Calmodulin; CaMKIV, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV; PLC, phospholipase C; MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; RAF, rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma kinase; RSK, p90 ribosomal protein S6 kinase; CREB, cyclic-AMP response element binding protein. B. Summary depicting how ERs link to different mGluRs depending on brain region. Question marks indicate as yet undetermined caveolins or mGluRs.