Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by proteinuria status
| Study population for cross-sectional analysis |
Study population for cohort analysis |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline variables | Non-cases of proteinuria at baseline (n = 10 160) | Prevalent cases of proteinuria (n = 796) | P-valuea | Never cases of proteinuria (n = 9130) | Incident cases of proteinuria (n = 1030) | P-valuea |
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 37.0 (10.0) | 39.2 (11.3) | <0.01 | 36.8 (10.0) | 38.4 (10.3) | 0.01 |
| BMI in kg/m2, mean (SD) | 19.7 (3.1) | 20.1 (3.7) | 0.01 | 19.7 (3.1) | 19.8 (3.4) | 0.32 |
| Education in years, mean (SD) | 3.5 (3.8) | 4.0 (4.1) | <0.01 | 3.5 (3.8) | 3.4 (3.8) | 0.71 |
| Male (%) | 43.4 | 43.1 | 0.88 | 43.6 | 41.3 | 0.15 |
| SBP in mmHg, mean (SD) | 114.5 (17.5) | 117.8 (22.4) | <0.01 | 114.4 (17.5) | 115.5 (17.6) | 0.05 |
| DBP in mmHg, mean (SD) | 73.8 (11.7) | 76.3 (13.4) | <0.01 | 73.7 (11.7) | 74.8 (12.0) | <0.01 |
| Urinary creatinine in mg/dl, mean (SD) | 56.6 (43.7) | 82.2 (59.5) | <0.01 | 56.0 (43.3) | 62.6 (46.3) | <0.01 |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Past smokers (%) | 6.6 | 7.3 | 0.77 | 6.5 | 7.6 | 0.15 |
| Current smokers (%) | 29.2 | 28.8 | 29.4 | 27.6 | ||
| History of diabetes (%) | 1.6 | 2.6 | 0.04 | 1.4 | 3.5 | <0.01 |
| HbA1c (%)b | 4.9 | 5.3 | 0.02 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 0.14 |
aP-values for χ2 test or t-tests.
bBased on a subgroup of 2044 subjects.