Table 2.
Cross-sectional analysis of associations between As exposure and proteinuria at baseline
| Overall population |
Subpopulation with ≥5 years of use of current well |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As exposure variablesa | Prevalence of proteinuria in %, n (Yes/No) | Creatinine- adjusted OR (95% CI) for proteinuriab | Adjusted OR (95% CI) for proteinuriac | Prevalence of proteinuria in %, n (Yes/No) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) for proteinuriac |
| Baseline well As (μg/l) | |||||
| 0.1–7d | 5.87 (129/2067) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 5.87 (79/1267) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| 8–39 | 5.82 (130/2105) | 0.99 (0.77–1.27) | 1.01 (0.79–1.31) | 5.32 (75/1334) | 0.94 (0.67–1.31) |
| 40–91 | 7.13 (155/2019) | 1.23 (0.97–1.57) | 1.33 (1.04–1.70) | 7.63 (100/1211) | 1.45 (1.06-1–0.99) |
| 92–179 | 8.54 (184/1971) | 1.50 (1.18–1.89) | 1.54 (1.22–1.96) | 9.82 (135/1240) | 1.87 (1.40–2.52) |
| 180–864 | 9.02 (198/1998) | 1.59 (1.26–2.00) | 1.65 (1.31–2.09) | 9.63 (129/1210) | 1.82 (1.35–2.44) |
| P-value for trend | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||
| Baseline urinary As (μg/l) | |||||
| 1–36d | 3.83 (86/2160) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 3.20 (44/1329) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| 37–66 | 6.49 (139/2004) | 1.46 (1.11–1.93) | 1.48 (1.12–1.96) | 6.76 (89/1228) | 1.87 (1.28–2.72) |
| 67–114 | 7.82 (171/2017) | 1.59 (1.22–2.10) | 1.65 (1.25–2.16) | 8.18 (109/1223) | 2.07 (1.43–2.99) |
| 115–205 | 8.09 (178/2022) | 1.47 (1.11–1.94) | 1.53 (1.16–2.02) | 8.58 (117/1246) | 1.94 (1.34–2.82) |
| ≥206 | 10.19 (222/1957) | 1.52 (1.15–2.01) | 1.65 (1.24–2.20) | 11.40 (159/1236) | 2.36 (1.62–3.44) |
| P-value for trend | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.03 | ||
aCut points were determined by quintiles of overall study population.
bORs were adjusted for urinary creatinine.
cORs were adjusted for urinary creatinine, age, gender, BMI, cigarette smoking status, education length, SBP, DBP and diabetes status.
dReference group.
CI, confidence interval.