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A common signal–transducer–effector pathway to cardiomyocyte necrosis in acute and chronic stressor states
| Stressor state |
||
|---|---|---|
| Acute | Chronic | |
| Neurohormonal activation | ||
| HPA axis | + | + |
| ANS | + | + |
| RAAS | + | + |
| Cation dyshomeostasis | ||
| ↑ [Ca2+]i & [Ca2+]m | + | + |
| ↑ [Zn2+]i & [Zn2+]m | ± | + |
| Oxidative stress > antioxidant defences | + | + |
| mPTP opening | + | + |
