Table 1.

Student demographic Data

Variables	Treatment Group (n=305)		Contrast Group (n=251)		p
	M	SD	M	SD
Age at fall testing	5.21	0.37	5.19	0.35	.534†
Nonverbal IQ K	91.80	12.44	93.50	10.47	.087†
Verbal IQ K	92.14	15.16	93.33	14.00	.341†
Picture Vocabulary WJ	99.65	10.80	99.86	10.94	.817†
Absence*	7.04	9.41	3.29	5.34	.000†*
	n	%	n	%	p
Male	164	53.77	125	49.80	.351‡
Ethnicity					.924‡
Caucasian	105	34.43	83	33.07
Black	175	57.38	151	60.16
Hispanic	14	4.59	10	3.98
Other	11	3.61	7	2.79
Eligible for Free or Reduced Lunch	182	59.67	137	54.58	.248‡
Retained	35	11.48	25	9.96	.543‡
Special Education Classification
Speech/Language	55	18.03	21	8.37	.202‡
EMH, DD, ASD	4	1.31	8	3.19	.394‡
Sensory Impaired	4	1.31	3	1.20	.890‡
Orthopedically or OHI	8	2.62	1	0.40	.037 ‡
Learning Disabled	1	0.33	2	0.80	.356‡
Gifted	1	0.33	3	1.20	.289‡

Note.

^K= Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (Kaufman & Kaufman, 2004);

^WJ= Woodcock Johnson III (Woodcock, McGrew, & Mather, 2001)

EMH = Educably Mentally Handicapped; DD = Developmentally Delayed; ASD = Autism Spectrum Disorders; OHI = Other Health Impaired

^*n=284 for treatment; n=242 for contrast.

^†p-value is computed using ANOVA.

^‡p-value is computed using Chi-square test.

^*= significant at the p = .05 level after the Benjamini Hochman correction was applied.