Table 1. Key phosphorylation sites in isoforms of protein kinase D and selected protein kinase D effectors.
Protein | Phosphorylation site | Function | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
PKD1 | 741GEKSFRRSVVG751 | A-loop, activation | Rozengurt et al, 2005 |
913ERVSIL918 | Activation, reduce PDZ binding | ||
DKF-1 | 581PESQFRKTVVG591 | A-loop, activation | Feng et al, 2006 |
DKF-2A | 922GEKSFRRSVVG932 | A-loop, activation | Feng et al, 2007 |
PKD1 | 466SRYYKEI472 | Conformational change | Storz & Toker, 2003 |
PKD1 | 90CGFYGLY96 | PKCδ binding site | Doppler & Storz, 2007 |
SSH1L | 973LKRSHSLA980 | Inactivation | Eiseler et al, 2009b |
Cortactin | 293LAKHESQQ300 | Inhibit F-actin remodelling | Eiseler et al, 2010 |
SNAIL | 6LVRKPSDP13 | Transcription de-repression, 14-3-3 binding | Du et al, 2010 |
RIN1 | 287LRRESSVG294 | Inhibit F-actin remodelling | Ziegler et al, 2011 |
PI4KIIIβ | 289LKRTASEP296 | Activation; PI4P synthesis | Hausser et al, 2005 |
CERT | 127LRRHGSMV134 | Inhibition of docking with PI4P | Fugmann et al, 2007 |
OSBP | 235LQRSLSEL242 | Inhibition of docking with PI4P | Nhek et al, 2010 |
KI220 | 914ITRQMSFD921 | Not determined | Iglesias et al, 2000 |
Par-1b | 395VQRSVSAN402 | Dissociation from membranes | Watkins et al, 2008 |
CREB | 128LSRRPSYR135 | Transcription activation | Johannessen et al, 2007 |
HSP27 | 77LSRQLSSG84 | Pro-survival chaperone activity, actin stabilization | Doppler et al, 2005 |
DKAR* | 408LSRQLTAA415 | Change in FRET signal | Kunkel et al, 2009 |
HDAC5 | 254LRKTASEP261 | Transcription de-repression, 14-3-3 binding | Vega et al, 2004 |
493LSRTQSSP500 | |||
HDAC7 | 150LRKTVSEP157176LLRKESAP183316LSRTRSEP323444LSRAQSSP451 | Transcription de-repression, 14-3-3 binding | Dequiedt et al, 2005 |
Phosphorylated amino acids are shown in bold.
*DKAR is a genetically engineered, non-endogenous FRET-reporter PKD substrate. Due to space limitations, studies on PKD-mediated phosphorylation of Hsp27, CREB and Par-1b were not included in this Review; readers are encouraged to consult the cited references for further information. CERT, ceramide transfer protein; DKF, D-kinase family, Caenorhabditis elegans PKD; HDAC, histone deacetylase; HSP, heat shock protein ; OSBP, oxysterol-binding protein; Par, partitioning defective; RIN1, Ras and Rab interactor 1; SSH1L, Slingshot 1L protein phosphatase.