Table 4.
Ability of multiplex assays to detect increases in plasma concentrations of cytokines over the course of initial HIV viremia
| Cytokine | Median concn (pg/ml) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bio-Rad |
BioSource |
Linco |
MSD |
|||||
| Pre-HIVa | Post-HIVb | Pre-HIV | Post-HIV | Pre-HIV | Post-HIV | Pre-HIV | Post-HIV | |
| IL-1β | <0.1 (<0.1–0.1) | 0.1 (<0.1–0.3) | 0.9 (0.5–1.6)c | 1.8 (0.6–4.0) | NEd | NE | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) |
| IL-2 | 0.5 (0.2–1.3) | 0.5 (0.2–1.9) | 0.7 (<0.1–6.5) | 0.5 (<0.1–3.4) | NE | NE | 1.8 (1.1–2.9) | 2.1 (1.6–5.1) |
| IL-4 | 0.1 (<0.1–0.3) | 0.2 (<0.1–0.3) | 1.7 (0.3–16.7) | 0.6 (0.2–7.5) | 20.3 (13–31) | 28.6 (8–41) | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) |
| IL-5 | NE | NE | 0.7 (0.2–2.0) | 0.6 (0.2–1.6) | 0.1 (<0.1–0.3) | <0.1 (<0.1–0.1) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) |
| IL-6 | 0.4 (0.2–6.8) | 12.6 (3.3–25.7) | 1.8 (0.7–4.1) | 3.8 (2.0–6.2) | 4.4 (2.8–6.1) | 7.3 (4.0–9.6) | 1.9 (1.1–3.4) | 2.4 (1.0–4.6) |
| IL-7 | NIe | NI | NI | NI | 1.1 (0.1–1.9) | 2.2 (0.6–3.2) | NI | NI |
| IL-8 | NI | NI | 19 (14–43) | 54 (20–89) | 3.2 (2.5–4.2) | 5.8 (3.9–10.5) | 7.5 (6.7–9.0) | 11.5 (9.2–29.4) |
| IL-10 | 0.3 (<0.1–3.3) | 9.9 (3.3–41.1) | 1.1 (0.4–3.1) | 6.2 (1.7–14.0) | 4.1 (2.2–11.8) | 31.7 (15.3–126) | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 5.2 (2.6–14.1) |
| IL-12 p70 | NE | NE | NI | NI | NE | NE | 2.7 (1.4–5.8) | 4.2 (1.9–7.1) |
| IL-13 | NE | NE | NI | NI | 6.2 (2.7–11.1) | 8.8 (1.5–14.7) | 3.5 (1.8–4.9) | 3.4 (1.8–4.9) |
| IFN-γ | 0.1 (<0.1–0.3) | 3.2 (0.3–6.9) | 0.2 (0.1–2.2) | 1.8 (0.1–4.4) | 0.2 (0.1–0.2) | 5.4 (2.9–16.6) | 2.4 (1.3–3.1) | 11.5 (4.3–23.8) |
| GM-CSF | NI | NI | 0.6 (0.1–4.6) | 1.5 (0.1–5.8) | 0.5 (0.1–1.3) | 1.1 (0.1–2.1) | NI | NI |
| TNF-α | 0.1 (<0.1–0.3) | 0.2 (<0.1–0.5) | 0.6 (0.1–3.1) | 0.2 (0.1–2.3) | 3.6 (2.4–4.5) | 7.0 (5.4–9.4) | 5.6 (3.9–6.3) | 10.5 (8.0–13.5) |
Unadjusted median plasma cytokine value and interquartile range (25th to 75th percentiles, in parentheses) from all time points before first detectable HIV viral load in three donors (n = 15 samples).
Unadjusted median plasma cytokine value and interquartile range (25th to 75th percentiles, in parentheses) from all time points after first detectable HIV viral load (up to and including d15) from the same three donors (n = 9 samples).
Values shown in boldface indicate significant increases (P < 0.05) in post-HIV adjusted means, taking lab and lot differences into account.
NE, data not evaluable due to large number of left-censored (undetectable) plasma values.
NI, cytokine not included on multiplex panel.