Growth experiments with C. autoethanogenum (black), C. ljungdahlii (light gray), and C. ragsdalei (dark gray) on steel mill waste gas (44% CO, 32% N2, 22% CO2, and 2% H2) as the sole carbon and energy source. Circles, biomass; triangles facing down, acetate; diamonds, ethanol; triangles facing up, 23BD; squares, lactate.