Fig. 4.

Suppressed production of IL-8 and TNF-α by O395 supernatants in the presence of extraneous 2,3-BD in HT29 cells. Culture supernatants of LB- and LBG-grown O395 were used to stimulate HT29 cells. Each supernatant was mixed with 2,3-BD at a final concentration of 0.5% or 1%. A statistically significant decrease in IL-8 (A) or TNF-α (B) production was observed when 2,3-BD was added. IL-8 and TNF-α levels were determined by ELISA, and values of means ± SDs (n = 4) are displayed in each bar. *, P < 0.05 for comparison between supernatants without 2,3-BD and supernatants reconstituted with extraneous 2,3-BD; **, P < 0.01 for comparison between supernatants without 2,3-BD and supernatants reconstituted with extraneous 2,3-BD.