Table 3.
Mutations of the genes associated with vancomycin resistance in clinical VISA strainsa
| Strain | NARSA no. | Vancomycin MIC (mg/liter) | Isolation information |
Amino acid substitution(s)d |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yr | Country | Reference or source | WalK | WalR | ClpP | GraS | GraR | VraS | VraR | |||
| N315b | 1 | 1982 | Japan | 1 | ||||||||
| Mu3c | 2 | 1996 | Japan | 32 | I5N | |||||||
| Mu50 | 8 | 1996 | Japan | 33 | N197S | I5N | ||||||
| MI (HIP5827) | 8 | 1997 | USA | 61 | V494L | |||||||
| NJ (HIP5836) | 8 | 1997 | USA | 61 | I28T, I341V | S79F | A260V | |||||
| PC (HIP06297) | 8 | 1998 | USA | 60 | A567D | |||||||
| IL | 8 | 2001 | USA | 5 | D496N | |||||||
| AMC11094 | 8 | 1997 | South Korea | 40 | A113V | |||||||
| 99/3759-V | 8 | 1999 | UK | 34 | V156Q | M1V | ||||||
| 99/3700-W | 8 | 1999 | UK | 34 | R222K, V366M, A468T | |||||||
| LIM2 | 8 | 1995 | France | 57 | ||||||||
| 98141 | 8 | 1998 | France | 7 | ||||||||
| 28160 | 8 | 1998 | South Africa | 24 | ||||||||
| BR 1 | 8 | 1998 | Brazil | 56 | R222K, A468T | |||||||
| BR 2 | 8 | 1998 | Brazil | 56 | R222K, A468T | |||||||
| BR 3 | 8 | 1998 | Brazil | 56 | R222K, A468T | |||||||
| BR 4 | 8 | 1998 | Brazil | 56 | R222K, A468T | |||||||
| BR 5-1 | 8 | 1998 | Brazil | 56 | R222K, A468T | |||||||
| SA MER-S6 | NRS12 | 8 | 1999 | France | NARSA | |||||||
| HIP06854 | NRS18 | 4 | 1998 | USA | NARSA | T492K | ||||||
| HIP07920 | NRS21 | 4 | 1998 | USA | NARSA | H83R | ||||||
| HIP07930 | NRS22 | 4 | 1999 | USA | NARSA | G9V | ||||||
| HIP08926 | NRS23 | 4 | 2000 | USA | NARSA | R222I, T492K | ||||||
| HIP09143 | NRS24 | 4 | 2000 | USA | NARSA | |||||||
| HIP09313 | NRS26 | 4 | 2000 | USA | NARSA | L10F, S437T | R152H | P327S | ||||
| HIP09433 | NRS27 | 4 | 2000 | USA | NARSA | V1454G | G9V | |||||
| HIP09662 | NRS28 | 4 | 2000 | USA | NARSA | Ins.433N, 434De | ||||||
| HIP09735 | NRS29 | 4 | 2000 | USA | NARSA | A468T | ||||||
| HIP09740 | NRS51 | 6 | 2000 | USA | NARSA | V380I | ||||||
| HIP09737 | NRS52 | 4 | 2000 | USA | NARSA | G275V | ||||||
| LY-1999-01 | NRS63 | 4 | 1998 | Oman | NARSA | N48K, R222K, A468T | ||||||
| LY-1999-03 | NRS65 | 4 | 1998 | Oman | NARSA | N48K, R222K, A468T | ||||||
| HIP10540 | NRS73 | 8 | 2000 | USA | NARSA | |||||||
| HIP10267 | NRS74 | 4 | 2000 | USA | NARSA | T11A | ||||||
| C2000001227 | NRS76 | 8 | 2000 | USA | NARSA | A243T | A314V | |||||
| NRS118 | NRS118 | 4 | 2002 | USA | NARSA | F330S | ||||||
| NRS126 | NRS126 | 4 | 2000 | USA | NARSA | |||||||
| P1V44 | NRS272 | 16 | 1999 | Belgium | NARSA | |||||||
| HIP12864 | NRS402 | 8 | 2003 | USA | NARSA | |||||||
| HIP13057 | NRS403 | 8 | 2004 | USA | NARSA | R282C | E15K | |||||
| HIP13036 | NRS404 | 8 | 2004 | USA | NARSA | T104A | ||||||
a
Sequence determination was carried out with both corresponding forward and reverse primers. Mutations found in 10 vancomycin-susceptible S. aureus strains whose whole genomes were sequenced (including N315, COL, JH1, MRSA252, MSSA472, NCTC8325, Newman, RF122, MW2, and TW20) are not described in this table.
b
Vancomycin-susceptible MRSA strain used as a sequence control.
c
hVISA strain.
d
Amino acid substitutions are given with reference to the amino acid sequence of N315 as follows: the first letter of the N315 sequence, the amino acid sequence position, and the last letter of the altered amino acid sequence.
e
Two amino acids were inserted at positions 433 and 434.