TABLE 2.
Urine protein excretion at baseline by group assignment and difference in mean change in urine protein excretion in the n−3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) treatment (T) minus control (C) group (Δm) ± pooled SD
| Baseline urine protein excretion |
Difference in mean change in urine protein excretion (n−3 LCPUFA minus control) |
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| n−3 LCPUFA |
Control |
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| Trial | Urine protein | nT | Baseline mean ± SDT | End mean ± SDT | nC | Baseline mean ± SDC | End mean ± SDC | Δm1 | Pooled SD2 |
| Haines et al, 1986 (15) | Albumin (μg/min) | 19 | 6.09 | 7.45 | 22 | 6.70 | 6.71 | 0.223 | 1.523 |
| Bennett et al, 1989 (16) | Protein (g/d) | 17 | 1.86 ± 2.00 | 1.35 ± 1.68 | 20 | 2.05 ± 2.49 | 1.51 ± 1.60 | 0.03 | 2.81 |
| Jensen et al, 1989 (17) | Albumin (%/h) | 18 | 8.7 ± 2.1 | 6.9 ± 2.5 | 18 | 8.7 ± 2.1 | 8.5 ± 2.5 | −1.64 | 3.3 |
| Hamazaki et al, 1990 (18) | Albumin (mg/g creatinine) | 16 | 65 ± 2 | 36 ± 2 | 10 | 55 ± 3 | 54 ± 3 | −0.574,5 | 1.325 |
| Clark et al, 1993 (11) | Protein (mg/d) | 13 | 1424 ± 2029 | 897 ± 1614 | 13 | 1271 ± 2049 | 1548 ± 2139 | −804 | 2783 |
| Gentile et al, 1993 (19) | Albumin (g/d) | 20 | 5.43 ± 1.74 | 3.96 ± 1.43 | 20 | 5.43 ± 1.74 | 4.20 ± 2.19 | −0.24 | 2.54 |
| Pettersson et al, 1994 (20) | Protein (g/d) | 15 | 1.8 ± 1.2 | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 17 | 2.0 ± 1.4 | 1.8 ± 1.2 | 0.1 | 1.7 |
| Shimizu et al, 1995 (21) | Albumin (mg/g creatinine) | 29 | 447 ± 680 | 59 ± 67 | 16 | 200 ± 240 | 114 ± 50 | −3024 | 570 |
| Rossing et al, 1996 (22) | Albumin (g/d) | 14 | 0.77 ± 1.21 | 0.94 ± 1.20 | 15 | 0.71 ± 1.30 | 0.82 ± 1.30 | 0.055 | 1.235 |
| Cappelli et al, 1997 (23) | Protein (μg/mL creatinine clearance) | 10 | 43.2 ± 18.7 | 56.3 ± 24.5 | 10 | 41.3 ± 23.9 | 68.0 ± 29.4 | −13.6 | 34.5 |
| Lungershausen et al, 1997 (24) | Albumin (μg/min) | 16 | 60 ± 44 | 70 ± 64 | 16 | 83 ± 48 | 95 ± 64 | −2 | 79 |
| Donadio et al, 1999 (25) | Protein (g/d) | 55 | 2.55 ± 1.71 | 2.32 ± 1.716 | 51 | 3.22 ± 3.21 | 3.12 ± 3.216 | −0.13 | 3.606 |
| Branten et al, 2002 (26) | Albumin (μg/min) | 12 | 1594 ± 984 | 951 ± 693 | 13 | 1509 ± 782 | 947 ± 977 | −81 | 1229 |
| Alexopoulos et al, 2004 (27) | Protein (g/d) | 14 | 2.0 ± 1.9 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 14 | 1.6 ± 1.4 | 0.9 ± 0.6 | −0.54 | 1.7 |
| Svensson et al, 2004 (28) | Protein (g/L) | 28 | 0.7 ± 1.0 | 0.6 ± 1.0 | 30 | 0.6 ± 0.8 | 0.8 ± 1.0 | −0.3 | 1.3 |
| Zeman et al, 2006 (12) | Albumin (mg/L) | 24 | 27.0 ± 41.2 | 20.5 ± 15.7 | 24 | 27.0 ± 41.2 | 29.5 ± 29.9 | −9.04 | 47.6 |
| Theobald et al, 2007 (29) | Albumin (μg/mmol creatinine) | 38 | 0.59 ± 1.48 | 0.51 ± 1.66 | 38 | 0.53 ± 0.97 | 0.60 ± 1.36 | −0.275 | 0.505 |
Δm is equal to the end-study mean of the treatment (eicosapentaenoic acid and/or docosahexaenoic acid) group minus the end-study mean of the control group; the trial by Haines et al (15) reported the percentage difference only.
Pooled SD is equal to the square root of {[(nT − 1)SDT2 + (nC – 1)SDC2]/(nT + nC – 2)}.
Based on reported difference, as a percentage of change.
Individual trial reports significant reduction in urine protein excretion with n–3 LCPUFA supplementation.
Δm and pooled SD are based on logarithmic conversion of trial-reported geometric means.
Reported baseline SD used for pooled estimate.