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. 2001 Mar 22;2(4):research0012.1–research0012.10. doi: 10.1186/gb-2001-2-4-research0012

Figure 4.

Figure 4

The activation of cyclin D1 gene expression by parallel Ras kinase cascades [44] modeled with BioD. Nuclear cyclin D1 levels depend on cytoplasmic-nuclear transport [45] and cytoplasmic degradation of cyclin D1 via an unmodeled ubiquitin proteolysis ('Ub proteolysis') process. The cyclin D1 icon in this model is identified with the cyclin D1 icon in Figure 3 using an identity link (Fig 3.cyclin D1; which is reciprocal to the Fig 4.nucleus.cyclin D1 link in Figure 3). The inhibition of nuclear export of cyclin D1 is inhibited by an 'action' link (Fig 5.CaM.action) that allows activated calmodulin (CaM) in the model of Figure 5 to reach into and affect this model. ERK, extracellular-regulated kinase; G3K3β, glycogen-3-synthase kinase-3β; MEK, MAP/ERK kinase; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate kinase.