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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Pharm. 2011 Jul 8;8(4):1390–1400. doi: 10.1021/mp200219e

Scheme 1.

Scheme 1

Synthesis of the non-targeted control agents Gd-DO3A and Gd-Hexyl-DO3A. Reagents and Conditions: (a) tert-butylbromoacetate, NaHCO3, 40%; (b) 1. Trifluoroacetic acid, 2. GdCl3, H2O, pH = 5.5 – 6.5, 60 °C, 94 % over two steps; (c) 1-bromohexane, K2CO3, NBu4OH, 65 °C, 55%; (d) 1. Formic acid, 60 °C, 2. GdCl3, H2O, pH = 5.5 – 6.5, 60 °C, 44% over two steps.