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. 2011 Jul 6;9(7):1187–1209. doi: 10.3390/md9071187

Table 6.

Time of action of the sulfated polysaccharide from B. thuyoides: Inhibition of syncitium formation by the polysaccharide added at different times of the culture: Throughout the whole experiment (Treatment (d)); before and during infection (Treatment (a)); during infection (Treatment (b)); or after infection (Treatment (c)) of MT4 cells with HIV.

Time of action Concentration D3 D4 D5 D6
Before and during (a) BT 75 μg/mL (+) (+) ++ ++ T T T T
AZT 0.4 μM (+) (+) + + T T T T
During (b) BT 75 μg/mL (+) + +/++ +/++ T T T T
AZT 0.4 μM (+) (+) +/++ +/++ T T T T
After (c) BT 75 μg/mL - - - - - - - -
AZT 0.4 μM - - - - - - - -
All the time (d) BT 75 μg/mL - - - - - + - +
AZT 0.4 μM - - - - - - - -
Control HIV-1 NDK 1 × 104 ++ ++ ++ ++/++T T T T T
++ + ++ ++ T T T T
Before and during (a) BT 75 μg/mL + (+)/+ ++ ++ ++T T T T
AZT 0.4 μg/mL (+) - + (+)/+ ++T ++T T T
During (b) BT 75 μg/mL + + ++ ++ T T T T
AZT 0.4 μg/mL (+) (+) + +/++ T ++T T T
After (c) BT 75 μg/mL - - - - - - - -
AZT 0.4 μg/mL - - - - - - - -
All the time (d) BT 75 μg/mL (+) - - + - + - +
AZT 0.4 μg/mL - - - - - - - -
Control HIV-1 NDK 7.5 × 105 + + + + T T T T
++ ++ + +/++ T T T T
MT4 - - - - - - - -

-: absence of syncitium in all the well; (+): presence of 1 or 2 syncitium by field; + and ++: presence of many syncitium per field; T: cellular death due to the viral replication; D: days.