Table 2.
Baseline characteristics according to cohort definition
| Variable | All Outpatient Dialysis | 90-Day Cohort | All Elective Outpatient Starts |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total number of patients | 16,915 | 12,369 | 6573 |
| Started as outpatient (%) | 9178 (54.3) | 6613 (53.5) | 6573 (100) |
| First treatment modality (%) | |||
| PD | 3292 (19.5) | 2499 (20.2) | 2035 (31.0) |
| HD | 13,216 (78.1) | 9570 (77.4) | 4538 (69.0) |
| CRRT | 407 (2.4) | 293 (2.4) | 0 (0) |
| Mean age (SD; range) | 63.6 (15.7; 18 to 96) | 63.5 (15.5; 18 to 98) | 62.6 (15.3; 18 to 95) |
| Median age | 67 | 66 | 65 |
| AKT to start (%) | 5274 (31.2) | 3727 (30.1) | 28 (0.4) |
| History of CKD (%) | 14,877 (88.0) | 11,610 (93.9) | 6573 (100) |
| Predialysis care (%) | 13,489 (79.8) | 10,513 (85.0) | 6573 (100) |
| Predialysis care of >4 months (%) | 11,261 (66.6) | 8892 (71.9) | 6573 (100) |
| Predialysis care of >12 months (%) | 9520 (56.3) | 7496 (60.6) | 5621 (85.5) |
| Mean length of predialysis care, days (SD; range) | 1109.0 (1300; 0 to 5364) | 1180.4 (1292.8; 0 to 5288) | 1732.5 (1306.4; 121 to 5364) |
| Median length of predialysis care, days | 559 | 686 | 1421 |
| Mean number of predialysis visits in 2 years prior to start (SD; range) | 6.0 (5.8; 0 to 48) | 6.7 (5.9; 0 to 48) | 9.5 (5.3; 0 to 48) |
| Median number of predialysis visits | 5.0 | 6.0 | 9.0 |
| Hospitalized in past year (%) | 8688 (51.4) | 6577 (53.2) | 3176 (48.3) |
| Mean number of hospitalizations (range) | 0.96 (1.34; 0 to 18) | 0.98 (1.3; 0 to 15) | 0.84 (1.2; 0 to 11) |
| Median number of hospitalizations | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 |
| Mean number of hospital days (range) | 11.8 (19.4; 0 to 327) | 11.8 (19.3; 0 to 291) | 6.7 (13.9; 0 to 291) |
| Median number of hospital days | 5.0 | 5.0 | 0.0 |
| Congestive heart failure (%) | 5957 (35.2) | 4449 (36.0) | 1805 (27.5) |
| Ischemic heart disease (%) | 7012 (41.5) | 5205 (42.1) | 2510 (38.2) |
| Valvular disorder (%) | 885 (5.2) | 610 (4.9) | 220 (3.4) |
| Rhythm disturbance (%) | 3739 (22.1) | 2683 (21.7) | 1106 (16.8) |
| Cardiomyopathy (%) | 503 (3.0) | 355 (2.9) | 115 (1.8) |
| Hypertension | |||
| no complications (%) | 11,818 (69.9) | 8979 (72.6) | 4873 (74.1) |
| complications (%) | 5845 (34.6) | 4648 (37.6) | 2156 (32.8) |
| Cerebrovascular disease (%) | 2241 (13.3) | 1666 (13.5) | 729 (11.1) |
| Chronic ulcer (%) | 952 (5.6) | 693 (5.6) | 222 (3.4) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (%) | 2338 (13.8) | 1690 (13.7) | 699 (10.6) |
| Disorder of lipoid metabolism (%) | 2706 (16.0) | 2027 (16.4) | 981 (14.9) |
| High-risk malignancy (%) | 1036 (6.1) | 679 (5.5) | 296 (4.5) |
| Low-risk malignancy (%) | 1273 (7.5) | 883 (7.1) | 386 (5.9) |
| Depression (%) | 344 (2.0) | 244 (2.0) | 76 (1.2) |
| Nutritional deficiency (%) | 428 (2.5) | 314 (2.5) | 95 (1.5) |
| Osteoporosis (%) | 815 (4.8) | 564 (4.6) | 309 (4.7) |
| Autoimmune disorder (%) | 2059 (12.2) | 1502 (12.1) | 702 (10.7) |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (%) | 764 (4.5) | 564 (4.6) | 269 (4.1) |
| Chronic liver disease (%) | 527 (3.1) | 363 (2.9) | 119 (1.8) |
| Diabetes mellitus, Ontario Diabetes Database (%) | 8101 (47.9) | 6219 (50.3) | 3255 (49.5) |
CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; PD, peritoneal dialysis; HD, hemodialysis.