Table 2.
Bivariate Differences in Characteristics of Couples in which the Spouse Is and Is Not the Sole IADL Caregiver (within Gender of the Care Recipient)
| Variable | CR Husbands (n = 256) |
CR Wives (n = 196) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solo Spouse Caregiver (82.0%) |
No Solo Spouse Caregiver (18.0%) |
Solo Spouse Caregiver (74.0%) |
No Solo Caregivers (26.0%) |
|
| CR no. of IADLs | 2.0(1.1) | 2.2(1.0) | 1.6(0.8) | 2.6(1.3) *** |
| CR no. of ADLs | 2.1(2.0) | 2.8(1.9) + | 2.2(1.9) | 3.4(2.3) *** |
| CR no. of health conditions | 1.8(1.3) | 2.0(1.4) | 1.7(1.2) | 1.9(1.4) |
| CR cognitive problemsa | 28.6% | 34.8% | 15.2% | 35.3%*** |
| CR proxya | 39.5% | 41.3% | 20.7% | 41.2%** |
| Spouse IADLsa | 8.6% | 34.8%*** | 2.8% | 39.2%*** |
| Spouse ADLsa | 18.6% | 43.5%*** | 17.2% | 37.3%** |
| Spouse employeda | 9.5% | 6.5% | 11.0% | 11.8% |
| Couple’s no. daughters | 0.6(0.8) | 0.7(0.7) | 0.4(0.7) | 0.7(0.6) ** |
| Couple’s no. sons | 0.5(0.7) | 0.5(0.8) | 0.4(0.7) | 0.7(0.8) * |
| CR Medicaida | 8.6% | 17.4%+ | 2.8% | 11.8% |
| Couple’s poverty ratio | 2.5(1.9) | 1.9(1.9) + | 3.0(2.7) | 2.3(2.1) |
| Couple’s race/ethnicityb | 14.3% | 28.3%+ | 10.3% | 25.5%** |
| Couple’s years married | 46.8(15.0) | 49.5(15.9) | 48.1(13.8) | 52.1(14.0) * |
| Couple’s summed ages | 153.6(11.2) | 157.0(13.6) | 155.3(10.3) | 158.6(11.8) + |
| Spouse’s age – CR’s age | −4.9(5.0) | −3.1(3.7) * | 0.9(4.7) | −0.2(5.0) |
Note. Entries are means (and standard deviations) unless noted otherwise. Percentages shown for dummy variables are for the value coded 1. All entries are based on raw data. All significance tests take design effects into account by using the Stata software. Significance tests for means are based on t-tests and for percentages are based on Chi-Square tests. CR = care recipient. IADL = Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. ADL = Activities of Daily Living.
a
0 = No, 1 = Yes.
b
0 = Non-Hispanic White, 1 = Non-Hispanic Black/ African American.
+
p < .10.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001.