Reagents and conditions: (a) KI, NaIO4, conc. H2SO4, 25–30 ºC, 2 h; (b) (R)-(+)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine 18, EDCI, HOBT, DIPEA, DMF/CH2Cl2 (1:1), 23 ºC, 48 h; (c) CuCN, KCN, DMF, 130 ºC, 16 h; (d) SOCl2, MeOH, reflux, 4 h; (e) NBS, Bz2O2, CCl4, reflux, 24 h; (f) NaH, NaOMe, MeOH, 50 ºC, 4 h; (g) LiOH·H2O, THF/H2O (5:1), 23 ºC, 1.5 h; (h) (R)-(+)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine 18, EDCI, HOBT, DIPEA, DMF/CH2Cl2 (1:1), 23 ºC, 16 h; (i) H2, Pd-C, EtOAc, 23 ºC, 10 h.