Table 8.
Correlation between sleep quality, academic achievement and sleep habits/problems in the study sample.
| Variable | Sleep Quality | Academic achievement | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Correlation Coefficient | p | Correlation Coefficient | p | ||
| 1. | Academic level | 0.02 | 0.7 | 0.01 | 0.8 |
| 2. | Time of going to bed | 0.2 | < 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.1 |
| 3. | Usual time to wake up | 0.06 | 0.2 | 0.01 | 0.8 |
| 4. | Duration of sleep | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.8 |
| 5. | Drinking coffee late at night | 0.01 | 0.052 | 0.02 | 0.07 |
| 6. | Use of sleeping pills | 0.04 | 0.5 | 0.01 | 0.08 |
| 7. | Time to fall asleep (latency) | 0.23 | < 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.3 |
| 8. | Frequency of nocturnal awakenings | 0.15 | < 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.6 |
| 9. | Snoring | 0.05 | 0.3 | 0.01 | 0.8 |
| 10. | Waking up due to nocturnal noise | 0.1 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.08 |
| 11. | Waking up because of nocturnal eating | 0.04 | 0.4 | 0.01 | 0.8 |
| 12. | Sleep talking | 0.01 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.05 |
| 13. | Sleepwalking | 0.01 | 0.9 | 0.01 | 0.09 |
| 14. | Bruxism | 0.01 | 0.9 | 0.03 | 0.5 |
| 15. | Nightmares | 0.1 | 0.046 | 0.1 | 0.024 |
| 16. | Restless leg syndrome | 0.01 | 0.8 | 0.06 | 0.2 |
| 17. | Feeling tired in the morning | 0.25 | < 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.8 |
| 18. | Daytime sleepiness | 0.1 | 0.016 | 0.03 | 0.5 |
| 19. | Daytime sleepiness during lectures | 0.2 | < 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.2 |
| 20. | Daytime sleepiness during free time | 0.01 | 0.8 | 0.02 | 0.7 |
| 21. | Daytime naps | 0.01 | 0.8 | 0.01 | 0.9 |
| 22. | Sleep quality | - | - | 0.02 | 0.7 |
| 23. | Academic achievement | 0.02 | 0.7 | - | - |
| 24. | Leisure time | 0.2 | < 0.01 | 0.4 | < 0.01 |
| 25. | Living conditions | 0.1 | 0.04 | 0.24 | < 0.01 |