Table 8.
Correlation between sleep quality, academic achievement and sleep habits/problems in the study sample.
Variable | Sleep Quality | Academic achievement | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Correlation Coefficient | p | Correlation Coefficient | p | ||
1. | Academic level | 0.02 | 0.7 | 0.01 | 0.8 |
2. | Time of going to bed | 0.2 | < 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.1 |
3. | Usual time to wake up | 0.06 | 0.2 | 0.01 | 0.8 |
4. | Duration of sleep | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.8 |
5. | Drinking coffee late at night | 0.01 | 0.052 | 0.02 | 0.07 |
6. | Use of sleeping pills | 0.04 | 0.5 | 0.01 | 0.08 |
7. | Time to fall asleep (latency) | 0.23 | < 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.3 |
8. | Frequency of nocturnal awakenings | 0.15 | < 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.6 |
9. | Snoring | 0.05 | 0.3 | 0.01 | 0.8 |
10. | Waking up due to nocturnal noise | 0.1 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.08 |
11. | Waking up because of nocturnal eating | 0.04 | 0.4 | 0.01 | 0.8 |
12. | Sleep talking | 0.01 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.05 |
13. | Sleepwalking | 0.01 | 0.9 | 0.01 | 0.09 |
14. | Bruxism | 0.01 | 0.9 | 0.03 | 0.5 |
15. | Nightmares | 0.1 | 0.046 | 0.1 | 0.024 |
16. | Restless leg syndrome | 0.01 | 0.8 | 0.06 | 0.2 |
17. | Feeling tired in the morning | 0.25 | < 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.8 |
18. | Daytime sleepiness | 0.1 | 0.016 | 0.03 | 0.5 |
19. | Daytime sleepiness during lectures | 0.2 | < 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.2 |
20. | Daytime sleepiness during free time | 0.01 | 0.8 | 0.02 | 0.7 |
21. | Daytime naps | 0.01 | 0.8 | 0.01 | 0.9 |
22. | Sleep quality | - | - | 0.02 | 0.7 |
23. | Academic achievement | 0.02 | 0.7 | - | - |
24. | Leisure time | 0.2 | < 0.01 | 0.4 | < 0.01 |
25. | Living conditions | 0.1 | 0.04 | 0.24 | < 0.01 |