Table 5.
Clinical-biochemical characteristics of study population according to serum 25(OH) vitamin D quartiles.
| I Quartile (n = 51) |
II Quartile (n = 66) |
III Quartile (n = 62) |
IV Quartile (n = 83) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 55.93 ± 9.34 | 52.1 ± 10.7 | 52.2 ± 11.2 | 52.24 ± 9.45 | n.s. |
| Sex° (M/F) | 30/21 | 32/34 | 33/29 | 37/46 | n.s. |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.99 ± 6.96 | 29.5 ± 5.8 | 27.04 ± 4 | 26.25 ± 4.38 | < 0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 105.27 ± 16.82 | 103.6 ± 14.8 | 95.01 ± 19.2 | 91.08 ± 16.72 | 0.001 |
| FBG (mg/dl) | 111.5 ± 26.1 | 106.3 ± 23.7 | 107.7 ± 30.2 | 103.2 ± 31.1 | n.s. |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 206.05 ± 49.46 | 201.3 ± 41.1 | 197.5 ± 35.8 | 192.07 ± 40.95 | n.s. |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 122.73 ± 44.62 | 126.8 ± 37.5 | 123.6 ± 33.2 | 109.15 ± 46.07 | n.s. |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 51.88 ± 16.36 | 52.5 ± 12.7 | 52.5 ± 12.2 | 52.71 ± 13.82 | n.s. |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 178.8 ± 98.7 | 124.8 ± 84.7 | 124.6 ± 75 | 115.6 ± 60.8 | 0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 10.01 ± 7.58 | 5.15 ± 4.3 | 4.3 ± 9.8 | 5.32 ± 7.86 | 0.03 |
| AST (IU/l) | 21.1 ± 7.4 | 22.1 ± 11.1 | 25.6 ± 10.7 | 21.8 ± 11.01 | n.s. |
| ALT (IU/l) | 25.5 ± 14 | 28.8 ± 16.6 | 28.6 ± 21.7 | 26.7 ± 19.2 | n.s. |
| FLI | 71.77 ± 26.83 | 51.9 ± 33.3 | 45.02 ± 35.9 | 32.04 ± 29.79 | < 0.001 |
| NAFLD ° (%) | 68.3 | 56.1 | 50 | 37.3 | 0.01 |
| MS ° (%) | 72.5 | 43.9 | 35.5 | 33.3 | < 0.001 |
| T2D ° (%) | 36.2 | 22.7 | 24.2 | 25.3 | n.s. |
Results are shown as mean ± SD. ANOVA test applied. Kruskal-Wallis test applied. HOMA-IR, FBG, triglycerides, AST and ALT were considered as log-values in the analysis. P-values < 0.05 were considered significant.
BMI, body mass index; FBG, fasting blood glucose; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostatis model assessment of insulin resistance; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; FLI, fatty liver index; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; MS, metabolic syndrome; T2D, type 2 diabetes.