Table 1. Characteristics of 5,494 women at time of HAART initiation, and a subpopulation of 541 of those women at time of incident pregnancy, in Johannesburg, South Africa from 1 April 2004 to 30 September 2009.
| Demographics | At baseline(n = 5,494) | At incident pregnancy(n = 541) |
| Age years | 34 (29, 38) | 32 (28, 35) |
| African ethnicity | 5,293 (96.3) | 531 (98.2)* |
| Employed | 2,233 (40.6) | 216 (40.0)* |
| History of smoking | 269 (4.9) | 21 (3.9)* |
| Clinical | ||
| HAART regimen | ||
| d4t-3TC-EFV | 4580 (83.4) | 222 (41.0) |
| d4t-3TC-NVP | 473 (8.6) | 81 (15.0) |
| d4t-3TC-LPVr | 146 (2.7) | 116 (21.4) |
| Weight kilograms | 57 (49, 65) | 64 (56, 73) |
| Body mass index kg/m2 | 22.2 (19.5, 25.5) | 24.8 (21.9, 27.7) |
| Body mass index category kg/m2 | ||
| <18.5 | 930 (17.7) | 22 (4.1) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 2,845 (54.2) | 260 (48.3) |
| 25.0–29.9 | 987 (18.8) | 172 (32.0) |
| ≥30 | 488 (9.3) | 84 (15.6) |
| WHO stage III or IV | 2,369 (43.1) | 235 (43.4)* |
| Current tuberculosis | 963 (17.5) | 88 (16.3)* |
| Laboratory | ||
| Hemoglobin, low‡ | 2,914 (54.7) | 113 (21.1) |
| CD4 count cells/mm3 | 93 (35, 164) | 304 (189, 433) |
| CD4 count category cells/mm3 | ||
| ≤50 | 1,736 (32.6) | 18 (3.3) |
| 51–100 | 1,075 (20.2) | 22 (4.1) |
| 101–200 | 1,864 (35.0) | 112 (20.8) |
| 201–350 | 521 (9.8) | 167 (31.0) |
| >350 | 133 (2.5) | 220 (40.8) |
| Viral load† log copies/ml | 4.2 (3.4, 4.6) | 1.7 (1.7, 1.7) |
| Viral load category log copies/ml | ||
| ≤400 | 308 (20.0) | 444 (93.9) |
| 401–10000 | 251 (16.3) | 10 (2.1) |
| >10000 | 984 (63.8) | 19 (4.0) |
d4T: stavudine. 3TC: lamivudine. EFV: efavirenz. NVP: nevirapine. LPVr: Lopinavir-ritonavir (Kaletra). Categorical variables are expressed as number (% of total non-missing); continuous variables are expressed as median (interquartile range).
*These measures are baseline measures, not updated to time of incident pregnancy.
‡
After adjustment for altitude, lower limit of normal hemoglobin is 11.35 g/dl.
†
Baseline viral load was missing in 3951 (72%) women at baseline, and in 68 of women at time of exposure.