Table 2.
Clinical Prediction Criteria Associated With Increased Risk of Infective Endocarditis (IE) in Patients With Nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia.
| No. (%) of Patients, by Study |
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| INSTINCT |
SABG |
|||||||
| Clinical prediction criterion | All patients (n = 304) | Patients without IE (n = 291) | Patients with IE (n = 13) | Pa | All patients (n = 432) | Patients without IE (n = 392) | Patients with IE (n = 40) | P |
| Prolonged bacteremia (>4 days) | 195 (64.1) | 186 (63.9) | 9 (69.2) | .78 | 272 (63) | 236 (60.2) | 36 (90) | <.01 |
| Documented prolonged bacteremia | 50 (16.4) | 47 (16.2) | 3 (23.1) | .46 | 111 (25.7) | 85 (21.7) | 26 (65) | <.01 |
| Possible prolonged bacteremia | 145 (47.7) | 139 (47.8) | 6 (46.2) | >.99 | 161 (37.3) | 151 (38.5) | 10 (25) | .12 |
| Permanent intracardiac device | 41 (13.5) | 34 (11.7) | 7 (53.8) | <.01 | 51 (11.8) | 38 (9.7) | 13 (32.5) | <.01 |
| Prosthetic heart valve | 18 (5.9) | 14 (4.8) | 4 (30.8) | <.01 | 25 (5.8) | 15 (3.8) | 10 (25.0) | <.01 |
| Pacemaker/cardioverter-defibrillator | 25 (8.2) | 22 (7.6) | 3 (23.1) | .08 | 29 (6.7) | 25 (6.4) | 4 (10.0) | .33 |
| Hemodialysis dependency | 26 (8.6) | 25 (8.6) | 1 (7.7) | >.99 | 30 (6.9) | 24 (6.1) | 6 (15) | .05 |
| Spinal infection or nonvertebral osteomyelitis | 8 (2.6) | 7 (2.4) | 1 (7.7) | .3 | 14 (3.2) | 9 (2.3) | 5 (12.5) | <.01 |
| No criteria fulfilled | 83 (27.3) | 83 (28.5) | 0 | 125 (28.9) | 124 (31.6) | 1 (2.5) | ||
| ≥1 criterion fulfilled | 221 (72.7) | 208 (71.5) | 13 (100) | 307 (71.1) | 268 (68.4) | 39 (97.5) | ||
NOTE. Data are shown for 304 patients in the Invasive S. aureus Infection Cohort (INSTINCT) and 432 patients in the S. aureus Bacteremia Group (SABG) with complete follow-up. More than 1 criterion may be present.
a
Determined using the 2-sided Fisher exact test.