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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Cell Biol. 2011 Jul 24;13(8):989–995. doi: 10.1038/ncb2292

Figure 2. Suppression of Lpd increases the number of tangentially oriented bipolar pyramidal neurons in the IZ/SVZ.

Figure 2

(a–e) Mouse embryos were electroporated in utero at E14.5 and harvested at E18.5. (a) Percentage of multipolar versus bipolar cells in the SVZ and lower IZ of brains electroporated with either control (Ctrl) or Lpd. (b) Orientation of control (orange arrowhead) and Lpd shRNA (blue arrowhead) bipolar cells that co-express Venus in the SVZ/IZ. The graph represents the distribution of bipolar cells based upon the angle of their leading process with respect to the pial surface (90°) or ventricular surface (−90°). Cells were counterstained with Hoechst 33342 dye to visualize nuclei (blue). (c) Percentage of Lpd shRNA or control bipolar cells that are tangentially oriented in the IZ/SVZ (leading process angles between 30° and −30°). (d) Image of a tangentially oriented bipolar cell expressing Lpd shRNA identified by mCherry expression (red) in brain sections immunostained with axon fiber tract marker Neurofilament (green). (e) Tangential cells expressing Lpd shRNA do not align with radial glial fibers. The angle of the leading process of the tangential (as determined in (c)) Lpd shRNA-expressing cells was measured with respect to the radial glial fibers (identified by the expression of Nestin) and compared to that of bipolar control cells. Scale bars: 5 μm in (b), (d) and (e). Bar graphs are plotted as mean ± SEM (**p <0.01, *** p <0.001, Student’s t-test, n = 3 brains per condition).