Table 4.
Comparisons of demographic, health status, and health utilization measures, by quartiles of BILD, in the Lupus Outcomes Study survey sample (n=717).
| Characteristic | BILD score 0 (n=141) |
BILD score 1 (n=189) |
BILD score 2-3 (n=222) |
BILD score 4+ (n=165) |
p- value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographics | |||||
| Age at interview: mean (SD) | 46 (12) | 50 (12) | 52 (12) | 56 (12) | <0.001 |
| % Female | 20 | 27 | 30 | 23 | 0.048 |
| % Nonwhite | 21 | 26 | 35 | 18 | 0.199 |
| % High school education or less | 20 | 28 | 26 | 25 | 0.916 |
| % Household incom below poverty | 12 | 22 | 26 | 41 | <0.001 |
| % Employed | 27 | 32 | 32 | 9 | <0.001 |
| SLE status | |||||
| Disease duration: mean(SD) | 13 (6) | 16 (8) | 18 (9) | 20 (9) | <0.001 |
| SLAQ, averaged over 4 years: mean(SD) | 9 (6) | 11 (7) | 12 (7) | 17 (8) | <0.001 |
| General health status | |||||
| % Fair/poor self-rated health | 11 | 19 | 33 | 38 | <0.001 |
| SF-36 physical component score: mean(SD) | 45 (11) | 41 (11) | 37 (11) | 30 (11) | <0.001 |
| SF-36 mental component score: mean(SD) | 48 (10) | 48 (12) | 48 (12) | 44 (14) | <0.001 |
| % Unable to work | 9 | 20 | 30 | 41 | <0.001 |
| Health care utilization | |||||
| Hospitalizations over 5 years: mean (SD) | 0.5 (0.9) | 0.8 (1.4) | 1.7 (3.1) | 3.4 (4.2) | <0.001 |
| Average annual MD visits for SLE over 5 years: mean(SD) |
6.9 (5.7) | 8.6 (5.8) | 11.2 (8.3) | 19.2 (13.7) | <0.001 |
*
p-values from ANOVA F-test for continuous variables, and for chi-square test for trend for binary variables.