Subjects were divided into high (gray bar) and low (white bar) responders to influenza vaccination. Shown are the number of individuals that (A) met the indicated ACR SLE classification criteria, **p = 0.009 by exact permutation Chi-square test, (B) exhibited specific aspects of hematological disorders, *p = 0.01 by exact permutation Chi-square test, (C) taking specific medications, *p = 0.037 by Fisher’s exact test and (D) exhibiting specific autoantibodies prior to vaccination.