Table 1.
Selected general characteristics of the study population according to alcohol intake (drinks/week)
| Never/<1 | Former | Light 1 to 7 in men 1 to 3 in women |
Moderate 8 to 18 in men 4 to 7 in women |
Heavy > 14 in men > 7 in women |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Demographics and life-style related characteristics
| ||||||
| Age, years | 73.6±2.9 | 73.8±2.9 | 73.6±2.9 | 73.3±2.7 | 73.6±2.8 | 0.29 |
| Female % | 64.2 | 43.8 | 27.2 | 54.6 | 43.8 | <.001 |
| Black % | 45.4 | 55.9 | 25.2 | 17.2 | 31.3 | <.001 |
| Study site Memphis % | 45.2 | 50.0 | 57.3 | 55.1 | 62.5 | <.001 |
| Education %: | ||||||
| Less than high school | 26.1 | 37.1 | 15.5 | 7.8 | 19.5 | |
| High school | 36.3 | 33.1 | 25.9 | 24.8 | 26.6 | <.001 |
| Postsecondary | 37.3 | 29.3 | 58.4 | 67.4 | 53.9 | |
| Miss | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Family income %: | ||||||
| Less than 10K | 13.7 | 16.7 | 4.7 | 1.8 | 7.8 | |
| 10K to 25K | 36.7 | 38.3 | 25.9 | 23.4 | 35.9 | |
| >25K to 50K | 24.8 | 24.8 | 31.3 | 33.5 | 28.9 | <.001 |
| ≥50K | 9.7 | 9.7 | 26.9 | 29.4 | 13.3 | |
| Miss | 10.6 | 13.2 | 11.2 | 11.9 | 14.1 | |
| Current smoking % | 9.0 | 10.6 | 11.2 | 9.6 | 19.5 | <.001 |
| Physical activity %: | ||||||
| <200 Kcal/wk | 40.0 | 39.9 | 25.2 | 21.6 | 25.8 | |
| 200 to 1000 Kcal/wk | 33.3 | 30.3 | 34.3 | 39.9 | 44.5 | <.001 |
| ≥1000 Kcal/wk | 29.8 | 29.8 | 40.5 | 38.5 | 29.7 | |
| BMI %: | ||||||
| <20 Kg/m2 | 4.0 | 2.6 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 10.2 | |
| 20 to 25 Kg/m2 | 27.5 | 26.8 | 28.0 | 35.3 | 35.2 | |
| >25 to 29 Kg/m2 | 41.0 | 41.9 | 45.5 | 45.4 | 38.3 | <.001 |
| ≥30 Kg/m2 | 27.5 | 28.6 | 22.8 | 15.1 | 16.4 | |
|
| ||||||
|
Diseases and health status indicators
| ||||||
| Potential confounders | ||||||
| Knee OA % | 16.3 | 13.5 | 15.7 | 18.7 | 19.5 | 0.25 |
| FEV1/FVC | 76.1±8.5 | 74.4±9.1 | 74.3±9.2 | 73.6±8.5 | 74.2±9.3 | <.001 |
| Creatinine Clearance, ml/min | 63.1±17.6 | 64.4±18.2 | 66.6±16.9 | 64.8±17.0 | 65.0±16.3 | 0.002 |
| Six m walk, m/sec | 1.16±0.24 | 1.12±0.24 | 1.24±0.25 | 1.25±0.23 | 1.21±0.20 | <.001 |
| Baseline CESD score | 4.7±5.3 | 5.0±5.7 | 4.7±5.3 | 3.7±4.5 | 5.3±6.2 | 0.009* |
| Potential mediators | ||||||
| Hypertension % | 44.9 | 50.7 | 39.4 | 34.9 | 35.9 | <.001 |
| Prevalent cardiovascular disease % | 23.1 | 27.1 | 23.7 | 17.0 | 18.8 | 0.02 |
| Diabetes % | 15.0 | 25.2 | 9.9 | 6.9 | 2.3 | <.001 |
| Incident cardiovascular disease % | 23.9 | 28.7 | 22.8 | 19.3 | 31.3 | 0.007 |
| Ankle Brachial Index <0.9 % | 13.4 | 17.3 | 9.1 | 11.0 | 10.9 | <.001 |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 2.4±1.9 | 2.6±2.1 | 2.1±1.6 | 2.4±1.9 | 2.9±2.2 | <.001* |
| Cognitive impairment % | 10.6 | 13.8 | 7.1 | 1.8 | 8.6 | <.001 |
Continuous variables are reported as mean ± standard deviation
*
p values are from log-transformed data