Figure 4.

Subcellular localization of CaRING1 and its mutants using transient expression in onion epidermal cells. A, Schematic structure of CaRING1 and the constructs used for subcellular localization analysis. Lines indicate deleted regions. The smGFP gene was fused to the 3′ region of constructs. TM, TM domain; RING, RING-H2 finger domain. B, Transient expression of smGFP or smGFP-tagged constructs in onion epidermal cells 24 h after biolistic transformation, as detected by confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Constructs are as follows: smGFP (control), CaRING1:smGFP (wild type), CaRINGΔTM:smGFP (TM domain-deleted mutant), and CaRINGΔRING:smGFP (RING domain-deleted mutant). Arrows indicate the plasma membrane in a plasmolyzed cell. Bars = 200 μm.