Phenotypes of siz1, ysl1, and ysl3 single mutants as well as siz1ysl1and siz1ysl3 double mutants under excess Cu. One-week-old seedlings (wild type [WT], siz1-2 [siz1], ysl1-2, ysl3-1, ysl3-2, siz1ysl1-2, siz1ysl3-1, and siz1ysl3-2) were transferred and grown vertically for 5 d on half-strength MS, treated with 35 μm CuSO4 for 5 d, and dried before analysis of Cu in shoot and root tissues by ICP-OES. A, Relative growth of shoots normalized to their growth on half-strength MS medium. Data represent means plus sd from six repeats with 20 plants. B, Shoot Cu contents. C, Shoot-to-root ratio of Cu concentration. Means and error bars were calculated from three biological repeats. Letters a through e indicate independent groups of statistical significance. DW, Dry weight.