Figure 2.
Dimensions of causation from social determinants of health to specific diseases,a and range of interventions from individual to structuralb,c
aThe horizontal axis depicts the spectrum of causation from social determinants of health on the left (causes of incidence) to the causes of particular cases of specific diseases on the right (causes of cases).
bThe vertical axis depicts the range of interventions, from individual (or agentic) interventions, which help people adapt to or cope with a given environment, to structural interventions, which aim to create an environment that exposes people to fewer risks and healthier options.
cAdapted from: Rose G. Sick individuals and sick populations. Int J Epidemiol 1985;14:32-8.
NCHHSTP = National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention
HIV = human immunodeficiency virus
