Evaluation of cell health. (a) Cell nucleus (DAPI, gray/white), neuronal (NeuN, blue) and astroglia (GFAP, red) cell staining at a site injected with AAV5-hSyn-ChR2-EYFP (left). Distribution of aggregations in a site injected with AAV5-hSyn-ChR2-EYFP as a function of the distance from the center of injections (right). Aggregates were counted across all cortical layers. Inset, example picture of aggregates in the center of injection of a site injected with AAV5-hSyn-ChR2-EYFP. (b–d) DAPI, NeuN and GFAP staining and aggregate distribution at sites injected with AAV5-hThy-1-ChR2-EYFP (b), Lenti-hSyn-SFO-EYFP (c) and AAV5-hThy-1-eNpHR2.0-EYFP (d).