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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Aug 4.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry. 2009 Apr 5;66(2):137–145. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.02.009

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Ventral tegmental area (VTA) injections of glial cell line– derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) potentiate cue-induced cocaine seeking in Long-Evans rats. Data are mean ± SEM responses per 2 hours (sum of two 1-hour sessions that were separated by 5 min) on the previously active lever (left column) and on the inactive lever (right column) during the extinction tests for cue-induced cocaine seeking performed on withdrawal days 3 and 10. During the test sessions, cocaine was not available, and lever presses resulted in the delivery of the tone-light cue previously paired with cocaine injections. Vehicle or GDNF was injected bilaterally into the VTA 1–2 hours after the last training session. (A) Timeline of the experiment and (B) VTA injections. * Different from vehicle, p < .05 (n = 9 –10 per group). SA, self-administration.