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Common pathway model in which genetic and environmental factors influence a single latent factor for liability to borderline personality disorder (BPD-ness) that accounts for the covariance among the 4 sectors. E indicatesunique environmental factor for BPD-ness; ES, unique environmental factor specific for a given sector; F, familial factor for BPD-ness; FS, familial factor specific for a given sector. Observed variables are in rectangles and latent variables are in circles.
