. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011 Oct 1;36(21):1772–1781. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318216337d

Table 2. Baseline Subject Characteristics (n=50). (Numbers represent mean (± standard deviation) unless otherwise indicated).

Characteristic
Age	33.3 (± 12.9) years
Sex	54.0% female
Body Mass Index (kg/m²)	27.0 (± 6.1)
Prior Episodes of Low Back Pain	88.0% yes
Duration of Symptoms in Current Low Back Pain Episode	median =186 days (range: 2 days - 24 years)
Distribution of Symptoms	26.0% symptoms distal to the knee
Numeric Pain Rating	4.9 (± 1.6)
Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire –Physical Activity Sub scale	14.4 (± 4.4)
Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire –Work Sub scale	15.4 (± 8.9)
Oswestry Disability Index	32.2 (± 11.9)
Likely Manipulation Responder (at least 4 clinical prediction rule criteria)	42.0% yes