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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Aug 5.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Addict Behav. 2010 Jun;24(2):360–365. doi: 10.1037/a0019217

Table 3.

Concomitant Relations of Psychomotor Agitation and Bipolar Disorder to Substance Dependence (Combined Models)

Baseline Modela
 Adjusted Modelb
OR (95% CI) p OR (95% CI) p
Predictor: bipolar disorder
Nicotine dependencec 1.78 (1.24-2.56) .002 2.07 (1.35-3.17) .0008
Alcohol dependence 1.69 (1.20-2.37) .002 1.88 (1.25-2.84) .002
Drug dependence 1.85 (1.29-2.66) .0009 2.02 (1.28-3.17) .002
Predictor: psychomotor agitation
Nicotine dependencec 1.70 (1.36-2.12) <.0001 1.42 (1.12-1.80) .004
Alcohol dependence 1.48 (1.17-1.86) .001 1.20 (0.94-1.54) .15
Drug dependence 1.75 (1.36-2.25) <.0001 1.43 (1.09-1.88) .009

Note. ORs indicate association of predictor with respective substance dependence diagnosis outcome in logistic regression model. OR = Odds Ratio; CI = Confidence Interval

a

Baseline model including both psychomotor agitation and lifetime bipolar disorder as the sole predictors

b

Model including both psychomotor agitation and lifetime bipolar disorder as predictors, adjusted for gender, age, race, marital status, education, and history of any anxiety, psychotic, eating, impulse control, unipolar major depressive, and attention deficit/disruptive behavior disorder

c

Analyses based on subset of participants who underwent nicotine dependence evaluations (n = 1800)