Table 3.

Effects of Acute Tobacco Abstinence on Subjective Measures (Time 2)

Variable (range)	Non-Abstinent			Abstinent			Abstinence-Induced Changec
	M	SD	αa	M	SD	αa	M	SD	αa	d
Withdrawal
MNWS (0 – 5)b
Total	0.91	0.81	.84	1.84	1.02	.85	0.92	0.93	.81	0.99†
Craving	2.00	1.68	-	3.85	1.46	-	1.85	1.63	-	1.13†
Irritable/angry	0.79	1.24	-	2.21	1.77	-	1.41	1.71	-	0.83†
Anxious/tense	1.15	1.26	-	2.37	1.76	-	1.21	1.71	-	0.71†
Concentration	1.44	1.45	-	2.48	1.69	-	1.03	1.74	-	0.59†
Restlessness	0.96	1.29	-	1.99	1.73	-	1.02	1.66	-	0.61†
Impatient	1.14	1.46	-	2.40	1.74	-	1.25	1.63	-	0.76†
Hunger	0.82	1.33	-	1.61	1.67	-	0.79	1.61	-	0.49†
Autonomicd	0.14	0.55	-	0.39	1.04	-	0.25	1.08	-	0.23**
Drowsiness	0.39	0.93	-	0.60	1.14	-	0.21	1.26	-	0.17*
Headaches	0.24	0.82	-	0.48	1.18	-	0.24	1.10	-	0.22**
Craving
QSU (0 – 5)
Total	1.94	1.32	.95	3.38	1.11	.89	1.44	1.17	.91	1.23†
Factor 1	2.66	1.53	.94	4.30	0.95	.90	1.64	1.39	.92	1.18†
Factor 2	1.22	1.31	.93	2.47	1.50	.85	1.25	1.26	.85	0.99†
Affect
PANAS (1 – 5)
PA	3.03	0.93	.92	2.69	0.95	.92	−0.34	0.73	.84	−0.46†
NA	1.44	0.57	.89	1.75	0.66	.83	0.31	0.61	.77	0.50†

Note. Mean scores per item displayed. Only Time 2 assessments are shown. Due to missing data, sample sizes vary across analyses (Ns = 198 – 203).

^aCronbach’s alpha internal consistency estimate

^bEating item was omitted because there was no opportunity to eat in between T1 and T2.

^cAbstinence-Induced Change = Abstinent – Non-Abstinent.

^dAssessed as any one of the following: tremor, heart racing, sweating or dizzy stomach or bowel problems. MNWS = Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (scale: 0–5); PANAS = Positive and Negative Affect Scale (scale: 1–5); HQ = Hunger Questionnaire (scale: 1–10); d = Cohen’s d effect size statistic.

^*p < .05;

^**p < .01;

^†p < .0001