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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addict Behav. 2010 Aug 10;35(12):1120–1130. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.08.007

Table 4.

Effects of Acute Tobacco Abstinence on Cognitive Measures

Variable Non-Abstinent
 Abstinent
 Abstinence-Induced Changed
M SD rc M SD rc M SD rc d
General Information Processing
RIPT
 Hit rate (%) 0.51 0.17 .92 0.49 0.16 .86 −0.03 0.11 .56 −0.23**
 RT (ms) 538.48 104.15 .81 562.80 110.69 .81 24.32 95.37 .59 0.25***
 False positives 4.10 5.74 .98 4.32 5.69 .97 0.21 2.80 .82 0.08
ST
 RT (s) 5.17 1.68 5.68 1.90 0.51 1.12 0.45†
 Errors (%) 6.51 10.11 5.07 7.35 −1.43 8.70 −0.16*
MT
 RT (s) 1.94 0.83 2.05 0.84 0.11 0.61 0.17*
 Errors (%) 20.62 16.19 21.88 16.49 1.26 9.60 0.13
DSST
 Total correct 23.60 11.15 22.49 11.21 −1.11 8.78 −0.13
 Errors (%) 15.42 21.60 18.18 24.48 2.76 26.55 0.10
Attentional Bias Towards Smoking
Smoking Stroop Task
 Standard Stroop effect (RT) 45.03 98.36 .62 52.35 137.40 .76 7.32 157.73 .73 0.05
 Acute Stroop effect (RT) 69.26 136.82 .58 98.81 167.98 .67 29.55 209.19 .67 0.14*
 Stroop effect (errors) 0.00 3.05 .01 0.53 3.68 .29 0.54 4.83 .15 0.11
Visual Probe Task (200ms)a
 Bias score (RT) 5.21 23.16 −.26 11.72 31.19 .10 6.51 37.34 −.09 0.17
 Bias Score (errors) 0.25 1.71 −.32 0.94 2.98 .59 0.69 3.41 .25 0.20*
Visual Probe Task (2000ms)b
 Bias score (RT) −1.15 35.05 −.17 0.84 53.11 −.02 1.99 57.44 −.24 0.03
 Bias Score (errors) −0.16 1.33 .28 0.03 3.93 .83 0.19 4.01 .62 0.05

Note. Due to missing data, sample sizes vary across analyses (Ns = 195 – 202).

a

N= 100 because participants were randomized to version of visual probe task

b

N= 91 because participants were randomized to version of visual probe task

c

Split-half reliability coefficient of internal consistency [odd vs. even minutes (RIPT) or trials (Stroop, Visual Probe task)]. Internal reliability estimates could not be calculated for ST, MT, DSST as only the summary data were available.

d

Abstinence-Induced Change = Abstinent – Non-Abstinent. RIPT = Rapid Information Processing Task; ST = Two-Letter Search Task; MT = Serial Math Task; DSST = Digit Symbol Substitution Task; RT = Reaction Time; d = Cohen’s d effect size statistic.

*

p < .05;

**

p < .01;

***

p < .001;

†

p < .001