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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addict Behav. 2010 Aug 10;35(12):1120–1130. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.08.007

Table 5.

Effects of Acute Tobacco Abstinence on Physiological Measures

Variable Non-Abstinent
 Abstinent
 Abstinence-Induced Changec
M SD ra M SD ra M SD ra d
Cardiovascular Response
 T1-HR (bpm) 80.04 11.37 70.50 11.31 −9.55 12.07 −0.79†
 T1-SBP (mmHg) 123.69 13.39 123.36 14.19 −0.32 12.00 −0.03
 T1-DBP (mmHg) 75.05 9.61 73.76 9.84 −1.29 8.87 −0.15*
 T2-HR (bpm) 70.78 10.23 64.42 9.48 −6.36 8.77 −0.72†
 T2-SBP (mmHg) 121.64 14.07 119.90 14.91 −1.74 11.86 −0.15*
 T2-DBP (mmHg) 74.32 9.97 73.08 9.72 −1.24 8.51 −0.15
EEG eyes closed (μV2)
 Δ power-Fz 138.26 130.41 .87 180.39 146.67 .76 0.72b 1.62 .67 0.44†
 Δ power-Cz 96.45 66.56 .89 120.00 76.10 .87 0.46b 1.08 .81 0.42†
 Δ power-Pz 77.20 60.53 .89 92.60 65.88 .87 0.44b 1.13 .84 0.39†
 θ power-Fz 73.22 65.28 .92 93.64 78.89 .93 0.41b 0.67 .66 0.60†
 θ power-Cz 72.52 63.08 .94 86.45 68.41 .91 0.37b 0.79 .71 0.47†
 θ power-Pz 59.45 61.02 .94 74.67 73.89 .94 0.39b 0.76 .71 0.51†
 α power-Fz 147.65 132.30 .96 147.28 130.72 .96 0.14b 0.67 .81 0.21**
 α power-Cz 166.41 139.30 .96 158.57 129.74 .96 0.11b 0.61 .75 0.19*
 α power-Pz 216.77 200.97 .96 201.48 181.77 .96 0.15b 1.00 .74 0.15*
 β1 power-Fz 40.61 26.41 .96 46.56 31.88 .96 0.20b 0.54 .85 0.38†
 β1 power-Cz 43.67 25.82 .95 49.14 30.54 .96 0.19b 0.52 .83 0.36†
 β1 power-Pz 42.35 28.98 .96 46.30 32.50 .97 0.15b 0.52 .85 0.29†
 β2 power-Fz 7.65 5.84 .93 8.79 7.22 .86 0.37b 1.19 .79 0.31†
 β2 power-Cz 8.43 6.11 .93 8.79 5.87 .92 0.27b 1.06 .86 0.26***
 β2 power-Pz 5.94 4.32 .95 6.61 4.70 .94 0.33b 1.30 .93 0.25***
 Δ frequency-Fz 2.64 0.26 .60 2.61 0.30 .64 −0.03 0.33 .50 −0.09
 Δ frequency-Cz 2.70 0.25 .57 2.73 0.26 .59 0.03 0.33 .41 0.09
 Δ frequency-Pz 2.71 0.24 .57 2.73 0.28 .65 0.02 0.34 .59 0.05
 θ frequency-Fz 6.93 0.33 .78 6.94 0.34 .78 0.01 0.30 .51 0.02
 θ frequency-Cz 6.95 0.30 .72 6.97 0.32 .74 0.01 0.30 .45 0.04
 θ frequency-Pz 7.00 0.29 .74 7.03 0.32 .73 0.03 0.28 .43 0.10
 α frequency-Fz 10.58 0.67 .92 10.52 0.68 .92 −0.06 0.39 .54 −0.17*
 α frequency-Cz 10.66 0.67 .91 10.58 0.69 .92 −0.08 0.49 .68 −0.17*
 α frequency-Pz 10.70 0.67 .93 10.58 0.70 .93 −0.11 0.38 .52 −0.30†
 β1 frequency-Fz 19.97 0.90 .86 19.89 0.87 .86 −0.08 0.73 .56 −0.11
 β1 frequency-Cz 20.01 0.82 .84 19.87 0.88 .85 −0.14 0.76 .58 −0.18*
 β1 frequency-Pz 19.86 0.85 .86 19.69 0.90 .87 −0.17 0.70 .59 −0.25***
 β2 frequency-Fz 29.13 0.54 .78 29.27 0.52 .64 0.14 0.55 .48 0.25***
 β2 frequency-Cz 29.15 0.57 .76 29.20 0.50 .69 0.05 0.58 .54 0.09
 β2 frequency-Pz 29.15 0.48 .65 29.21 0.45 .67 0.07 0.50 .43 0.13
EEG eyes open (μV2)
 Δ power-Fz 240.39 208.82 .84 256.48 227.09 .82 0.52b 1.48 .50 0.35†
 Δ power-Cz 104.63 62.15 .79 117.23 68.89 .84 0.27b 0.70 .61 0.38†
 Δ power-Pz 71.03 46.57 .71 80.70 54.31 .91 0.27b 0.70 .60 0.39†
 θ power-Fz 71.16 54.00 .91 82.06 64.90 .88 0.34b 0.89 .74 0.38†
 θ power-Cz 53.58 42.50 .96 59.91 44.46 .93 0.24b 0.53 .64 0.46†
 θ power-Pz 38.95 38.87 .95 43.88 41.18 .95 0.27b 0.60 .68 0.45†
 α power-Fz 61.42 61.23 .94 68.85 61.86 .93 0.30b 0.65 .64 0.45†
 α power-Cz 67.34 65.46 .94 73.89 65.64 .95 0.32b 0.76 .71 0.42†
 α power-Pz 86.53 110.61 .94 89.52 102.19 .94 0.32b 0.79 .61 0.41†
 β1 power-Fz 33.26 22.12 .96 38.16 24.87 .95 0.24b 0.50 .78 0.47†
 β1 power-Cz 34.53 22.49 .96 38.40 24.06 .95 0.19b 0.47 .75 0.41†
 β1 power-Pz 30.05 20.42 .96 33.83 23.19 .96 0.19b 0.47 .80 0.41†
 β2 power-Fz 9.16 8.22 .95 9.88 8.25 .92 0.31b 0.84 .79 0.37†
 β2 power-Cz 8.76 7.05 .94 9.44 7.53 .93 0.30b 0.85 .82 0.35†
 β2 power-Pz 6.25 5.72 .95 6.81 6.09 .94 0.32b 0.86 .83 0.37†
 Δ frequency-Fz 2.59 0.24 .46 2.64 0.23 .33 0.05 0.29 .24 0.18*
 Δ frequency-Cz 2.68 0.20 .35 2.70 0.23 .58 0.02 0.28 .39 0.09
 Δ frequency-Pz 2.68 0.22 .52 2.71 0.20 .46 0.02 0.28 .47 0.09
 θ frequency-Fz 6.71 0.36 .78 6.74 0.35 .76 0.03 0.32 .47 0.09
 θ frequency-Cz 6.78 0.33 .78 6.80 0.32 .73 0.02 0.30 .40 0.05
 θ frequency-Pz 6.85 0.32 .77 6.87 0.31 .70 0.02 0.29 .36 0.06
 α frequency-Fz 11.03 0.55 .85 10.92 0.54 .84 −0.12 0.48 .59 −0.24***
 α frequency-Cz 11.08 0.56 .85 10.97 0.53 .85 −0.12 0.46 .59 −0.25***
 α frequency-Pz 11.09 0.59 .88 10.97 0.58 .87 −0.12 0.42 .36 −0.29†
 β1 frequency-Fz 20.32 0.87 .84 20.14 0.88 .84 −0.18 0.75 .58 −0.24***
 β1 frequency-Cz 20.29 0.80 .85 20.11 0.78 .82 −0.17 0.67 .57 −0.25***
 β1 frequency-Pz 20.09 0.84 .87 19.86 0.83 .85 −0.22 0.74 .64 −0.30†
 β2 frequency-Fz 29.27 0.52 .71 29.35 0.51 .75 0.08 0.53 .45 0.16*
 β2 frequency-Cz 29.26 0.53 .76 29.37 0.52 .75 0.10 0.57 .59 0.18*
 β2 frequency-Pz 29.28 0.44 .63 29.34 0.47 .71 0.06 0.51 .48 0.12

Note. Due to missing data, sample sizes vary across analyses (Ns = 173 – 202).

a

Split-half (even vs. odd epochs) coefficient of internal consistency

b

Expressed as % Change [(Abstinent – Non-Abstinent)/Non-Abstinent].

c

Abstinence-Induced Change = Abstinent – Non-Abstinent. HR = Heart Rate; SBP = Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP = Diastolic Blood Pressure; EEG = Electroencephalogram; T1 = Time 1; T2 = Time 2; Fz = Frontal; Cz = Central; PZ = Parietal; d = Cohen’s d effect size statistic.

*

p < .05;

**

p < .01;

***

p < .001;

†

p < .001