Table 1. Incidence of bacterial infections in children with severe acute malnutrition.

Year	Country	No. of children (% HIV+)	Grade of malnutrition	Bacteraemia (%)	LRTI (%)	UTI (%)	Isolated bacteria	Antibiotic resistance in vitroa
								TMP-SMX	Clavul	Ampi	Genta	CAF	Ceph	Cipro
2006	United Republic of Tanzania9	781 (19)	Severe	3	17	8	NR
2006	Kenya9	340 (9)	Severe	5	7	–	NR
2006	Uganda10	450 (36)	Severe	17	–	–	Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae	+++		++		++
2006	Uganda11	315 (39)	Severe	18	68	26	NR
2006	Uganda12	134 (44)	Severe	22	–	–	Salmonella spp, Escherichia coli	+++		+++	++	++
2005	Kenya13	91 (43)	Severe	29	–		Coagulase-negative staphylococci	++		++		++	++
2002	Nigeria14	194 (NR)	Severe	–	–	11.3	Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Pseudomonas spp	+++	+++		+		++/+++
2001	Congo15	Unclear	Severe	13.2	–	–	Enterobacteriaceae			++	++	++
2001	Jamaica16	150 (NR)	Mod-severe	10	–	–	Coagulase-negative staphylococci		+	+	+
2000	Malawi17	75 (25)	Severe	9	–	17	Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli
2000	Turkey18	103 (NR)	All	–	–	31	Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus spp	+++					+	+
1996	South Africa19	323 (NR)	Severe	9.6	–	–	Gram-negative enteric bacilli
1995	South Africa20	134 (NR)	Severe	–	–	26	Gram-negative enteric bacilli
1994	Gambia21	378b (NR)	All	–	28	–	Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus spp
1992	South Africa22	134 (NR)	NR	–	–	26	NR
1992	United Republic of Tanzania23	164 (NR)	Severe	Infections at admission: 92% In-hospital infections: 49%			Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli

Ampi, ampicillin; CAF, chloramphenicol; Ceph, cephalosporin (ceftriaxone; cefotaxime, ceftazidime); Cipro, ciprofloxacin; Clavul, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid; Genta, gentamicin; LRTI, lower respiratory tract infection; NR, not reported; spp, species; TMP-SMX, corimoxazole; UTI, urinary tract infection.

^a + > 20%; ++ > 50%; +++ > 75%.

^b Children with pneumonia.