. 2011 May 20;89(8):593–606. doi: 10.2471/BLT.10.084715

Table 5. Pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol in children with severe acute malnutrition.

Reference	Dose (per kg), route	No. of children	Absorption constant (per h)		T_max (min)		C_max (μg/ml) or C_ss (μg/ml) Bioavailability		Clearance (ml/kg/h)		Half life (m) or K_e (per h)		AUC (μg.min/ml)
Reference	Dose (per kg), route	No. of children	Malnourished	Eutrophic	Malnourished	Eutrophic	Malnourished	Eutrophic	Malnourished	Eutrophic	Malnourished	Eutrophic	Malnourished	Eutrophic
Ashton et al. 1993⁴¹	25 g, IV	34^a	–	–	–	–	–	–	M: 4.8 K: 2.9*	5.9	M t_½: 3.7 K t_½: 4.9	t_½: 2.4	M: 20.4/kg^c K: 35.9/kg^c *	11.1/kg^c
Samotra et al. 1986⁴²	50 g, oral	12	1.0	1.1	2.1	2.7	C_max: 18	C_max: 24	–	–	t_½: 3.4*	t_½: 7.0	128*	252
Eriksson et al. 1983⁴³	25 g, IV/oral	37	M: 2.3 K: 3.57 MK: 3.96*	1.86	M: 2.3 K: 3.57 MK: 3.96*	1.86	IV C_max: K > MK > M > N^b po C_max: < 5μg/ml		K: 4.16* M: 8.16 MK: 5.39	7.53	K t_½: 3.76* M t_½: 2.88 MK t_½: 3.2	t_½: 2.85	K > MK > M > N
Eriksson et al. 1983⁴³	25 g, IV/oral	37	M: 2.3 K: 3.57 MK: 3.96*	1.86	M: 2.3 K: 3.57 MK: 3.96*	1.86	Bioavail : M: 57%* K: 44%* MK: 30%*	Bioavail: 85%	K: 4.16* M: 8.16 MK: 5.39	7.53	K t_½: 3.76* M t_½: 2.88 MK t_½: 3.2	t_½: 2.85	K > MK > M > N
Mehta et al. 1983⁴⁴	25 g, oral	13	0.045*	1.09	4.0*	2.0	C_max: 20.5	C_max: 18.3	–	–	t_½: 6.86* K_e: 0.109*	t_½: 3.3 K_e: 0.213	32.99/kg*	10.43/kg
Saini et al. 1981⁴⁵	25 mg, IV	21^a	–	–	M: 0.25 K: 0.25	0.25	M C_max: 10.0* K C_max: 11.5*	C_max: 16.9	M: 380^d K: 370^d	340^d	M t_½: 1.227 K t_½: 1.245 M K_e: 0.0094 K K_e: 0.0093	t_½: 1.32 K_e: 0.009	M: 38.56^e K: 39.50^e	38.63^e
Mehta et al. 1981⁴⁶	25 g x 8 doses, IV/oral	21^a	–	–	–	–	IV C_{SS pre-dose} 18.0* IV C_{SS 2h post-dose} 24.1* po C_{SS pre-dose} 16.6* po C_{SS 2h post-dose} 23.7*	10.0 19.1 9.7 16.0	–	–	–	–	–	–
Mehta et al. 1975⁴⁷	25 mg, oral	14^a	–	–	4.0	2.0	C_max: 21.3	C_max: 17.8	Urine (drug) at 30 h: 40 μg/ml*	100 μg/ml	–	–	–	–

AUC, area under the plasma concentration time curve; C_max, maximum concentration; C_ss, steady-state concentration; IV, intravenous; K, kwashiorkor; K_e, elimination constant; M, marasmus; MK, marasmic kwashiorkor; N, normal (controls); po, per oral; t_½, half life; T_max, time to maximum concentration; U, underweight; * P < 0.05.

^a Malnutrition grades were determined using weight for age, not weight for height.

^b Although all subtypes of malnutrition had levels 5–25 μg/ml for 4–9 hours.

^c Min/mmol used.

^d Ml/m²/min used.

^e L/g² used.